高考英语动词分类讲解.doc

高考英语热点动词十五类动词是英语中最活跃的词类,是句子的核心成分此外,英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂,是英语学习的难点之一历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点,在单项填空题中所占比例在５0%以上笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析,归纳常考动词十五类,供人们参照一、连系动词类ﻫ连系动词按其所示的意义可分为如下四种:1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, tuｒn, grow, geｔ， fall等ﻫ２.感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel, smｅｌｌ, tasｔe, ｌooｋ,　sound等3.状态类表事物所处的状态,如kｅep, ｃｏme, rｕn, ｒｅmａiｎ,　stanｄ, lie， stａy， proｖe等4．外表特性类表外表给人的印象，如apｐｅaｒ, seem, ｌｏok等ﻫ连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相称于形容词的构造作表语除了少数几种(如feel, get, becoｍe， gｒｏw等)外,不用于进行时态和被动构造例如：ﻫThe　mｉxtｕre　is taｓtｅd tｅｒrible.(误）ﻫTｈe　ｍixｔurｅ ｔaｓteｓ　terrible（正)ﻫJim pｒeteｎｄed to bｅ faｌｌinｇ asｌｅep wheｎ　ｈiｓ mothｅr ｃame iｎ.(误)Jｉm　ｐreｔenｄed to　fａll　／bｅ ａsｌeep wｈen his ｍotｈer　caｍｅ in．（正）I'm fｅelｉｎg much bｅtteｒ ｔhaｎ ever before.ﻫIt ｗas ｇetｔｉnｇ darkｅr and darｋer. Ｂｅｓｉdes， a　ｃold　rain beｇan　to　falｌ.ﻫ【高考例题】ﻫ(1）　-－-Ｄo ｙou liｋe　ｔhe matｅrial?  　--－Yes, it _＿__ veｒy sｏｆt.　(NMET94)ﻫA. is feeling  　B.　fｅlt   C. ｆeels   D.　is　fｅｌｔﻫ(2） Ｗｈy ｄｏn'ｔ you pｕt the meａt in the fridge? It wiｌl ____ frｅsh foｒ seｖerａl ｄays. (NMEＴ 03)ﻫＡ. bｅ stａｙeｄ   B.　stay   C. be stａyｉｎｇ   D. hａvｅ ｓtａｙedﻫ(3） Ｔhe　ｐｉlｏt asked　alｌ the paｓｓｅngｅｒs on boaｒd tｏ　ｒemain ＿___ ａs　thｅ plane was makinｇ　ａ lａndinｇ. (04春季高考上海卷)ﻫA. seat　  B. sｅａtiｎg   Ｃ． ｓeated   Ｄ. to ｂe ｓeating (4) Be careful wheｎ ｙoｕ cｒoｓs ｔhis　veｒy busy　ｓtｒeet. If　noｔ, yｏu　ｍａy ___＿　run　over　by ａ ｃar. (０２高考北京卷)Ａ. haｖe   B. ｇｅｔ   C． becｏｍe   D.　tuｒn(5)　Hａｐｐy bｉrｔhday， Alｉce. So you haｖｅ ＿＿_＿　ｔｗenty－onｅ alreａdy. (04天津卷）A. bｅcoｍe   B.　turｎed   Ｃ. groｗn   D． pａsｓed（6） Sarah,　hｕｒry up. I'm aｆraid you　cａn'ｔ hａvｅ　ｔiｍe to ＿＿__　befoｒe　the ｐａrｔｙ. (04全国卷II)A.　get cｈanged   B. ｇet　ｃhaｎge   Ｃ．　get chaｎｇing   D． gｅt to change（7) 0n hｅariｎg thｅ newｓ of ｔhe　accidｅnt ｉn tｈe　ｃｏal miｎｅ, shｅ _＿_＿　pale． （０4湖北卷)A. gｏt  　Ｂ. cｈanged   C. wenｔ   D．　appｅaｒed(８ )Ｔhｅ fｌowｅｒs __＿_　sweet　in the ｂotａnic gａrden　attracｔ ｔｈe visｉtors to the　beauｔy　of ｎａture. (04上海卷）Ａ. to ｓｍell　  B.　smelｌｉng   Ｃ. ｓｍelt   D. to be smｅltﻫ(9) Aｌtｈoｕgｈ　he ｈas ｔakｅｎ ａ lｏt of ｍediｃｉne， his ｈealth　___＿ pｏoｒ. (02春上海卷)ﻫA． proves  　B． ｒemainｓ C． maintainｓ   D. contｉｎueｓ（10） I love　to　go to the　sｅａsiｄe in summer.　Ｉｔ ____ good ｔo　lｉe in　tｈe sun or sｗｉｍ　in tｈe　cｏol sｅa.ﻫA． ｄoeｓ   B. ｆeｅls  　C. gets   Ｄ. mａｋesﻫ(Kｅｙ： CBCBB ACBＢＢ)二、感官动词类常考的感官动词有ｓee,　watｃh, noｔicｅ, ｏbserve， hear,　ｆeeｌ, ｆinｄ, catcｈ等。

感官动词的重要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,体现不同的含义ﻫ1.后接不带ｔo的不定式表达一种发生过或者还没发生具体的动作I ofｔeｎ heaｒｄ　tｈe　ｓｏng suｎg, but I have　nevｅr heard yoｕ sing it．Whｅn you　go to ｗatch　the ｆｏotbａll watch， yｏu will eｎjoy seeing the Chinese　footｂaｌl team wｉn.2．后接V-inｇ形式表正在进行的动作Seｅing ｔhe sun　risiｎｇ aboｖe tｈe surface ｏf thｅ seａ, we let ouｔ a sｈout of ｊoｙ.ﻫHｅaｒinｇ thiｓ，　I felt mｙ hｅaｒｔ bｅatinｇ　ｆasｔ．ﻫ3.后接V－ed形式表被动意义ﻫAfter　hiｓ rｅtuｒn tｗentｙ　yｅaｒs　later, he foｕnd his ｈomｅ　ｔown gｒeatly changed．Ａlthougｈ I had learnt some Eｎgｌｉsh， I had ｎｅver ｈeａrd a　word of it ｓpｏken.【高考例题】(1) The ｍanagers discuｓｓed ｔｈｅ plan　that ｔｈey　wｏuｌd like to　see　___＿　the ｎext yeaｒ.　(NMET )ﻫA.　ｃarry out   Ｂ. carrｙｉng　ｏuｔ  　C． cａrriｅｄ　ｏut   Ｄ. to carｒy out(2)　A　cooｋ ｗｉll ｂe　immediatｅly fired　iｆ he is　found ＿___ in ｔｈｅ　kitchｅn. (　NＭET　03)ﻫA． smｏｋｅ　  B. smokｉｎg   Ｃ. to　smoke   D. smokedﻫ(3) Tｈe mｉssing　boys　werｅ ｌaｓｔ　seｅｎ ＿___　near ｔhe　river.ﻫA. plａying   B.　ｔo ｂｅ ｐｌayｉｎg  　C. ｐlａy   D. to ｐｌａyﻫ(４) Ｔhe saleｓman scoｌdeｄ　the ｇirl wｈo ｗas　cａught ＿_＿_ anｄ lｅｔ　ｈer oｆf. (NMET９３)ﻫA.　to ｈavｅ stｏleｎ  　B. to be steａling  C .to ｓteａl      　D.　ｓtｅaling(５) He lｏｏked arouｎd ａｎｄ　ｃaught a　maｎ _＿＿＿ hｉs　ｈａｎd into tｈe poｃｋet ｏf a ｐａssenｇeｒ.ﻫA． ｐｕt   B. to be pｕttｉng  Ｃ．　ｔo　put  　D. puttiｎg  　(0４春北京卷)（Kｅy: CBＡDD)三、使役动词类ﻫ表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如ｍａke,　lｅｔ, have, keｅp,　leaｖe,　ｓｅt， seｎｄ等。

使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,体现不同的含义分如下三种状况：１.　makｅ, lｅｔ haｖe等后接不带to的不定式,表“使／让某人/某物做某事”ﻫDon't　mａke ｈim dｏ ｉｔ ｉｆ he dｏesn't want to.Iｆ you have anｙ ｐroｂleｍs, juｓt　let ｍe knｏw.在被动构造中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动构造中.He waｓ mａdｅ　tｏ ａpologize to the guｅｓt.２． ｈａve, keep,　lｅave, send, set, gｅt等后接V－ing形式,表持续性动作I＇m sorry to keep　yoｕ waｉting　for sｏ　long.Ｗｈｙ　ｄo　ｙou　hａｖｅ him wｏrryｉng aｂout hｉs lessoｎs?ﻫ3. hａｖe, kｅeｐ, lｅaｖe等后接Ｖ-ed形式,表被动含义Ｈｅ ｄｉdｎ't　keep ｏn asking mｅ　thｅ ｔime unｔｉl he　hａd　had his　waｔcｈ repａiｒed.ﻫＩ'll kｅep yｏu iｎforｍｅｄ　as ｓoon aｓ　I　ｈave　tｈe　ｎｅws．ﻫ【高考例题】ﻫ（１)Ｄon't leave thｅ waｔeｒ＿whiｌe you bｒuｓhｙour teetｈ． (04天津卷）ﻫ  Ａ． run   B. ｒunning　  C. being ｒun　  D．　ｔo runﻫ(２)Laws　tｈat punish parｅntｓ ｆor ｔｈeiｒ chｉｌdｒｅn's aｃｔionsﻫagainst ｔｈe ｌaws ｇｅｔ　pａrenｔs_．（04重庆卷）Ａ.　ｗorｒｉｅd  　B．　to worrｙ　Ｃ. ｗorｒyｉnｇ D． worｒy（３)　--－Why　dｉd ｙou go　back ｔo　the ｓhop？ﻫ---I lｅft my frienｄ　＿___ thｅre．　(03春安徽内蒙古卷)ﻫ  A. waiｔｉｎｇ　 　Ｂ. to ｗait　  C. wａit　Ｄ. waitｓﻫ(４）　Ｉt was　ｓo cold that ｔheｙ kept the fire _＿_＿ alｌ nighｔ． （ＮMEＴ９1）Ａ. ｔo bｕｒn　 　B． burn   C.　bｕrｎing   D.　bｕｒned（５) ---Good mｏrniｎg, can I help you?ﻫ--－I＇ｄ like to have tｈis paｃkａge ____，madaｍ.A.　be weｉgｈed   B. weighiｎｇﻫ  Ｃ. wｅｉgｈed　  D．　tｏ ｗeigh (NMEＴ８９)ﻫ(６) The speaｋer raiｓed　ｈis vｏicｅ bｕt stilｌ couldn＇t make hiｍself　_＿__.(NMET9１）Ａ． hear  　B. ｔｏ　ｈear　  C. ｈeａring   Ｄ. hｅaｒdﻫ(7)　Ａs yｏu ｈａve neveｒ been ｔｈere befoｒe， I'ｌl ha。