2018考研英语(一)真题及参考答案.docx

2018 考研英语(一)真题及参照答案(完好版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. Onthe one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 manyworthwhile things:child care, friendships, etc. Onthe other hand,putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humansto 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What ’s in here? ” beforelooking into the container, smiling,and exclaiming,“Wow! ” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Halfof them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 tocooperate with the tester in learning trusted his leadership.19, only five“20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.a new skill, demonstrating that they of the 30 children pairedwith the1 - [A] QU 蠹血>ith5. [AjUntil!5.7H [A] con rule 瓦]盟解9. [A] contextIOJa] counterparts 1 l .[A] Fmmv 1 2 [A] mcnitor131A] between14, [a] transferred 1§4 A] out15, [A] dis copied臃圈鼐fcre:苦 . 19 [A] In contrast 痈正。

①拄巳虹域&[B] like[B]concern[B] Then [琦版^BR |B] produces [B] compete [B]#>[B] mood 阴龄蜷由stituteg[B] Lucky[B] protect(B] tvi th in 版面dded[B] back[B] proved (B]wT0iigtd [B] willing 口|值£ aresult [B] in Lipable[C] fa；Cj i^ertiur.向加p总[C] Instead[C] Ai Though 园国训= [C] connect ici瞰 [Cf peiiad |^:colleague5[CJ^dd■[C] surprise月| toward[C] introduced回壁i立唾、[G] fooled[C] hcsiiant囱ole j unreliable©J interest[D] pike，[□] A5ain[D] When[Djjmain tains[□] compare[D]to[D] ci । deupporters 国*触gi建[□] over[D] entrusted[D] inside,[D] Ttm^aibcrcd|T>] niocfctdP&] entid edFor in 5ianc^[D] ijxpHi tableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text 1Amongthe annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionatelysqueezed. Lower-income jobs likegardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering- havearoused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums — from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for theU.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that wi。