外语专业大三修辞学.ppt

English RhetoricPart VIISyntactic Anaphora（首语反复）（首语反复） n… for without victory there is no survival.nLet that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.n (W. Churchill, Blood, Toil, Sweat and Tears)Lexical Anaphora nGoswell Street was at his feet. Goswell Street was on his right hand — as far as the eye could reach, Goswell Street extended on his left; and the opposite side of Goswell Street was over the way. n(Charles Dickens, Pickwick Papers)Lexical EpistrophenIt is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us: … and that government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth.n (A. Lincoln, The Gettysburg Address)nWith this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.Immediate Repetition nWork-work-work!nTill the brain begins to swim!nWork-work-work!nTill the eyes are heavy and dim!nSeam, and gusset, and band,nBand, and gusset, and seam, --nTill over the button I fall asleep, nAnd sew them on in a dream! n(Thomas Hood, Song of Shirts)nGold! Gold! Gold! Gold!nBright and yellow, hard and cold, nMolten, graven, hammer'd and roll'dnHeavy to get and light to hold. n (Thomas Hood)Syntactic Framing（首尾反复）（首尾反复） nJustice took no note to Joe; and he paid the same tribute to justice.Symploce（对称式反复）（对称式反复） nSon: How will my mother for a father's deathn Take on with me, and ne'er be satisfied!nFather: How will my wife for the slaughter of my sonn Shed seas of tears, and ne'er be satisfied!nKing Henry: How will the country for these woeful chancesn Misthink the King, and ne'er be satisfied!n(W. Shakespeare, King Henry VI, Part Three)n儿儿子子：：我我母母亲亲如如果果知知道道我我杀杀了了父父亲亲，，她她一一定定要要对我大发雷霆，永无宁息的日子了！对我大发雷霆，永无宁息的日子了！n父父亲亲：：我我老老婆婆如如果果知知道道我我杀杀了了儿儿子子，，她她一一定定要要痛哭流涕，永无停止的日子了！痛哭流涕，永无停止的日子了！n亨亨利利王王：：人人民民听听到到这这些些悲悲惨惨的的事事情情，，一一定定要要把把我痛恨入骨，永无罢休的日子了！我痛恨入骨，永无罢休的日子了！Anadiplosis（蝉联反复）（蝉联反复）nIt's the profit now, not the product. Half the time, we cheat the foreman, the foremen cheat the management, the management cheats the customers. And the customers are now we. n(J. B. Priestley, The Future of the English)Distant or Intermittent Repetition(间隔反复）间隔反复） nWe have fallen in love with the 24-hour news cycle. But 24-hour news does not mean that you get more news, it means you get the same news more.n—George Clooney, Newsweek February 12, 2007R. Hagopian: Wonderful People nI saw her and liked her because she was not beautiful. Her chin was not just right and something about her nose fell short of perfection. And when she stood up, well, there wasn't much to see but her tallness, the length from her hips to her feet, and the length from her hips to her shoulders. She was a tall girl and that was all. She was the first tall girl I had ever liked, perhaps because I had never watched a tall girl get up from a table before; that is, get up the way she did, everything in her rising to the art of getting up, combining to make the act to look beautiful and not like just another casual movement, an ordinary life motion.nMaybe I liked her because when I talked to her for the first time I found that she had tall ideas too, ideas which like her chin and nose did not seem just right to me, but like her getting up were beautiful. They hung together. They were tall ideas, about life and people, morals and ethics. At first they seemed shockingly loose to me, but when I saw them all moving together, like her body, they hung together. They looked naturally beautiful. nThey had the same kind of pulled-out poetry that sometimes defies the extra-long line and hangs together, hangs together when you see the whole thing finished, when you've scanned it up and down and seen all the line endings melt into a curious kind of unity, which makes strange music -- strange because everything is long yet compact. She was music. I see it now, her getting up impressed me at the time because for the first time I felt poetry in a person rising -- music in body parts moving in natural rhythms. I liked the tall girl.。