常见原子的结构特征和物理特性.docx

常见元素的原子结构特征及物理特性kFF化学符中 文 名相对原子量英文名称常见化合价电子排步外围电负性(鲍林)离子半径共价半径密度熔点(°C)沸点(C)攵合称H氢1.008Hydrogen+1，-111s12.10.208 (-1)0.0370.00008988-259.34-252.8’5C碳12.01Carbon-2,+3,+4242s22p22.50.260(-4)0.0773.51/2.62382548271N氮14.01Nitrogen-3， +1， +2， +3，+4，+5252s22p33.00.171(-3)0.0740.0012506-209.86-195.8}O氧16.00Oxygen-2,-1262s22p43.50.140(-2)0.0740.001429-218.4-182.961Na钠22.99Sodium+12813s10.90.095(+1)0.1570.97197.81882.92Mg镁24.31Magnesium+22823s21.20.065(+2)0.1361.738648.810903Al铝26.98Alminum+32833s23p11.50.050(+3)0.1252.702660.3725194Si硅28.09Silicon+2,+42843s23p21.80.041(+4)0.1172.33141032655P磷30.97Phosphorus-3,+3,+52853s23p32.10.212(-3)0.1101.8244.12776S硫32.07Sulfur-2,+4,+62863s23p42.50.184(-2)0.1042.07115.21444.69K钾39.10Potassium+128814s10.81.33(+1)0.2030.86263.25759.90Ca钙40.08Calcium+228824s21.00.099(+2)0.1741.5583914842Ti钛47.87Titanium+2,+3,+4281023d24s21.50.068(+4)0.1324.5166832873V钒50.94Vanadium+2,+3,+4,+5281123d34s21.60.059(+5)0.1225.8189034074Cr铬52.00Chromium+2,+3,+6281313d54s11.60.069(+3)0.1177.19185726725Mn锰54.94Manganese+1,+2,+3,+4,+6,+7281323d54s21.50.080(+2)0.1177.43124420616Fe铁55.85Iron+2,+3281423d64s21.80.064(+3)0.1167.86153528618Ni镍58.69Nikel+2,+3281623d84s21.80.078(+2)0.1158.90145329139Cu铜63.55Copper+1,+2281813d104s11.90.069(+2)0.1178.96108325671Nb铌92.91Niobium+2,+3,+528181214d45s11.60.070(+5)0.1348.57246849272Mo钼95.94Molybdenum+ 2,+ 3,+ 628181314d55s11.80.62(+6)0.12910.2291746126Ba钡137.3Barium+ 2281818826s20.90.135(+2)0.1983.5172511404W钨183.8Wolfram+2,+3,+4, +5,+62818321225d46s21.70.067(+6)0.13019.334105660。