云南普通专升本公共课(公共英语)语法精讲.pdf

云南普通专升本公共课（公共英语）语法精讲（七） ：强调句、倒装句和反义疑问句学习目的：1. 掌握常见的强调方法，特别是强调句型2. 掌握部分倒装和全部倒装的用法3. 熟练运用常考的反义疑问句一强调结构在句子中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强感情色彩或加强对比，需要改变句子结构来实现以下几种常用结构可以用来表示强调：1Do(does/did) + 动词原形它用来强调谓语动词，往往只用于“一般现在时/过去时”的肯定陈述句或祈使句如：This tax driver does know the city well.The adopted children do hope to go to college.She did come yesterday.Do come and visit us!Do shut up!Do be careful!2It + be 的某种形式+ 强调中心 + that/ who + 其余部分（重点掌握 ）David bought a walkman from a store yesterday. 陈述句该句可以按照强调句型改为下面四个强调句： It was David who/ that bought a walkman from a store yesterday.It was a walkman that David bought from a store yesterday.It was from a store that David bought a walkman yesterday.It was yesterday that David bought a walkman from a store.3用 what 引导的名词性从句来强调Her indifference hurt me most. What hurt me most was her indifference. I need some rest. What I need is some rest. They lack experience . What they lack is experience.4改变语序，将所强调的状语置于句首1 为了加强语气或使上下文的衔接通顺。

如：On his desk I found a book about love story.Suddenly the rain stopped.Under her arm she was carrying a great album.2 谓语是不及物动词come, sit, lie, stand, walk等时，为了强调状语， 将其置于句首，动词在前，主语在后如：In a corner of the room sat a little girl.Down the street marched the band.Here comes the devil.3 否定词never, not only, hardly, no sooner, seldom, at no time, on no account, in no way 等开头的句子表示强调如：Not only did we lose our money, but we were also in danger of losing our lives.Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone started to ring.5very, only, single, such + 名词That s the very classroom he had classes 20 years ago.I am the only person here who can speak Italian.Not a single customer has been in the shop this morning.How dare you buy such expensive jewels? 6介词短语in the world, on earth, at all 等常用于疑问句Where in the world could he be ？What on earth is it?Do you know it at all?7If 从句? If 从句 + I dont know who/ what? If 从句 + nobody/ everybody? If 从句 + it be 主句例如：If he cant do it, I dont know who can.If John is a coward, everybody is.If anyone knew the truth, it was Peter.If there is one thing he loves, it is money.二倒装句英语句子的顺序通常是主语在前，谓语在后， 这叫自然语序。

但有时出于对语法或修辞的需要，要把谓语放在主语之前， 这种语序叫做倒装 将谓语完全移至主语之前，为完全倒装如果仅仅把be 动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，则为部分倒装 部分倒装1含有否定意味的词置于句首时，需要倒装常见的有： no, not, never, seldom, little, scarcely, barely, hardly, rarely, nowhere, few, not onlybut also, hardly when, no sooner than, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances, not until, neither nor等如：Scarcely did he speak about the difficulties in his work.Never in my life have I seen such a thing.Not only did he refuse the gift, but also severely criticized the sender.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.Under no circumstances can we accept checks.2 “Only + 状语” 位于句首，需要倒装。

Only when the war was over could people live with peace and happiness.Only then did I realize that I was seriously wrong.Only in this way can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the wedding.Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.注意：only 后的状语可以是副词、 介词短语或状语从句， 但是从句不倒装 3so/such that 句型中，如果 so/such位于句首，需要倒装So boring was the speech that the audience all left halfway.Such a noise did they make that the neighbors could not go to sleep at night.So hard was the work that all of us got tired out that evening.So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.4as 引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构为“ (adj / adv/ v / v-ing / v-ed / n )+ as + 主谓” 。

Strong as you may be, you cannot lift it.Late as it was, they continued to study.Hard as he tried, he was unable to make much progress.Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you.Call as you may, he will not come.Published as it was such a time, his work attracted much attention.5if 虚拟语气的倒装在 if 虚拟语气中，可以将were, had, should 提到主语之前，省略if如：Had you come earlier, you would have seen the wonderful performance.Were I you, I would try it again.Should it rain, the crops would be saved.6so, neither, nor 在句首时的倒装I m quite willing to help and so are other students in my class.He doesn t care for sweets. Nor / Neither do I .Tom can speak French. So can John.If you wont go, neither will I .这里有一点需要特别 注意，当 so 不作“也”讲，而是表示对于对方所述内容的肯定时 （相当于 indeed, certainly） ，译为“的确如此”，句子不要倒装。

如： “He is a liar.” “So he is.” “It is raining hard.” “So it is.”Eric asked me to go to play table tennis and so I did. 完全倒装完全倒装是将句中的谓语全部置于主语之前此结构通常用于一般现在时和一般过去时常见结构如下1 以地点副词here/ there/ in/ out/ under/ below/ away/ up/ down 和时间副词now/ then开头的句子此结构表示强调Here comes a bus.There stands a monument in the center of the square.There goes the bell.Down came a light from the ceiling when he was walking across the floor.On the hay lay a wounded boy of not more than seventeen.Then follows the fashion show.In came the teacher and the class began.Away flew the birds.cf. Away they went.Out they rushed.Here we are.2分词 + be +主语 + 其他Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl.Glowing in the test tube on the table was the mysterious thing which 。