大学英语：虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气 条件状语从句条件状语从句分类　　条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气 　　英语： 　　If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士 　　If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事真实） If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡 用法及动词形式1．表示与过去事实相反的情况 　　从句：If 主语+had+done 　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done　 　　1． If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。

　　2．If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了 2． 表示与现在事实相反的情况： 　　从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do 　　1．If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 　　如果我是你，我会带把伞 　　2．If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 　　如果我知道他的号码，我就会告诉你 　　3．If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物　　4．If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 　　如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些 　　5．If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 　　如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。

　　6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger. 　　她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：if+主语+were to do/ should+do/ did/were主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do 　　1．If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 　　如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈 　　2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 　　如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了 　　3．If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末4、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整这种条件句叫错综条件句 　　①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。

　　If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 　　如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 　　If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 　　如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了 　　②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符 　　如： 　　If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 　　如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了 　　If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 　　要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了 5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语　　Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 　　要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

　　Were she here, she would agree with us. 　　如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的 　　Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 　　如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了 　　6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…等 　　But for his help, we would be working now. 　　要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢 　　Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 　　要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步 　　We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. 　　我们不知道他的号码，否则我们就会给他打。

7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情 　　①省略从句 　　He would have finished it. 他本该完成了 　　You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的 　　②省略主句 　　If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊 　　If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊 8.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was 　　If I were you, I would go to look for him. 　　如果我是你，就会去找他 wish 后宾语从句　　a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 　 I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑　　b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done 　 I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 　　我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相 　　c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 　　谓语动词：should/would（情态动词） + 动词原形 　　I wish I should have a chance again. 　　我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。

目的状语从句　　1、在for fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do并且 should能省略 　　She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 　　她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入 　　He started out earlier lest he (should) be late. 　　他早早的就出发了以防迟到 　　2、在so that,in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do 　　He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚 　　He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。

其他用法　　1、一想要(desire一宁愿(prefer)一坚持（insist）二命令(order. command)三建议(advise. suggest. propose/recommend)四要求(demand. require. request. ask)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should + do"should可以省略eg： 　　He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice. 　　He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice. 　　He demand that we (should) take the teachers advice. 　　He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice. 　　insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气 　　He insists he is a student. 　　他坚持说他是个学生。

　　这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气 　　suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气 His face suggests that he looks worried . 　　他的表情暗含着他很担心 　　这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气 　　2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如：necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wander等 　　句型：It is.......that +主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型 　　Do you think it is necessary that he (should) not be sent to Lingbao. 　　It is strange that such a p。