浪漫的现实主义大师查尔斯.doc

查尔斯·狄更斯Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic who is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and the creator of some of the world's most memorable fictional characters. “ the genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in the common interest”---Stefan ZweigLiterary Style and Representative WorksDickens is a key representative of 19th century British literary realism.His writing style is marked by a profuse linguistic creativity. Satire, flourishing in his gift for caricature is his forte. Early period:Fantastic optimism 充满幻想的乐观精神Exaggeration 夸张的艺术手法Novela picaresca “流浪汉小说”的结构模式Gentle Social Criticism 温和的社会讽刺His Representative Works of that Time: The Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》 （1837）Oliver Twist 《 奥利佛·退斯特 》( 又名《雾都孤儿》)（1838）The Old Curiosity Shop 《老古玩店》 （1839）The middle period He criticise bourgeois and their morality 对资产者及其道德的辛辣批判Gentle Moralism 温和的道德主义The plot and structure are more complete unified 情节结构更为完整统一Humor and satire 幽默讽刺风格His representative works of that timeAmerican Notes 《美国札记》 （1842）Dombey and Son 《董贝父子 》 （1848）David Copperfield 《大卫·科波菲尔》 （1852）The later period:Humor and satire Social Criticism 广泛、尖锐的社会批判Gentle Reformism and Strong humanitarian 温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义Exploration of man’s inner conflicts 尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计 Symbolism 象征手法 His representative works of that timeHard Times 《 艰难时世》 （1854）Little Dorrit 《小杜丽》 （1857）A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》 （1859）Great Expectations 《远大前程 》 （1861）Analyze of representative work -- Oliver TwistThe story is about an orphan, Oliver Twist, who endures a miserable existence in a workhouse and then is placed with an undertaker. He escapes and travels to London where he meets the Artful Dodger, leader of a gang of juvenile pickpockets. Oliver is led to the lair of their elderly criminal trainer Fagin, naively unaware of their unlawful activities. Oliver Twist is notable for Dickens' unromantic portrayal of criminals and their sordid lives. The book exposed the cruel treatment of many a waif-child in London, which increased international concern in what is sometimes known as "The Great London Waif Crisis": the large number of orphans in London in the Dickens era,Poverty and social classPoverty is a prominent concern in Oliver Twist. Throughout the novel, Dickens enlarges on this theme, describing slums so decrepit that whole rows of houses are on the point of ruin. In an early chapter, Oliver attends a pauper's funeral with Mr. Sowerberry and sees a whole family crowded together in one miserable room.This ubiquitous misery makes Oliver's few encounters with charity and love more poignant SymbolismDickens makes considerable use of symbolism in this novel, The many symbols Oliver faces are primarily good versus evil, with evil continually trying to corrupt and exploit good, but good winning out in the end. The "merry old gentleman" Fagin, for example, has satanic characteristics: he is a veteran corrupter of young boys who presides over his own corner of the criminal world; he makes his first appearance standing over a fire holding a toasting-fork; and he refuses to pray on the night before his execution.The London slums, too, have a suffocating, infernal aspect; the dark deeds and dark passions are concretely characterised by dim rooms and pitch-black nights, while the governing mood of terror and brutality may be identified with uncommonly cold weather. In contrast, the countryside where the Maylies take Oliver is a pastoral heaven. The novel is also shot through with a related motif, obesity, which calls attention to the stark injustice of Oliver's world. When the half-starved child dares to ask for more, the men who punish him are fat. A remarkable number of the novel's characters are overweight.Toward the end of the novel, the gaze of knowing eyes becomes a potent symbol. For years, Fagin avoids daylight, crowds, and open spaces, concealing himself most of the time in a dark lair. When his luck runs out at last, he squirms in the "living light" of too many eyes as he stands in the dock, awaiting sentence. Similarly, after Sikes kills Nancy, he flees into the countryside but is unable to escape the memory of her dead eyes. In addition, Charley Bates turns his back on crime when he sees the murderous cruelty of the man who has been held up to him as a model.目前国内外对其研究的主要文章和书籍任秉义，刘明德 《西方文学作品评析辞典 1》 大卫·科波菲尔&〔英国〕查尔斯·狄更斯 1989 （著作格式）严艳 《文学伦理学批评视野下的狄更斯小说女性形象研究> 2012（论文格式）刘白 《 21世纪国内狄更斯小说研究述评 》 2011 （论文格式）赵炎秋 《狄更斯长篇小说研究》 1996 （著作格式） 童真 《狄更斯与中国》 2008 （著作格式）。