肌学课件：下肢肌.pptx

第三章 肌 学Myology第六节下肢肌The muscles of the lower limb 髋肌髋肌 The muscles of the hip 大腿肌大腿肌 The muscles of the thigh 小腿肌小腿肌 The muscles of the leg 足肌足肌 The muscles of the foot一、髋一、髋 肌肌前群 The anterior group后群 The posterior group腰小肌psoas minor(一)腰大肌髋psoas major肌前骼肌iliacs群PectineusEtensor fascia latae 阔筋膜张肌(一一)髋肌前群髋肌前群髋肌前群的作用髋肌前群的作用 骼腰肌骼腰肌iliopsoas 屈大腿(髋关节)Flexes the thigh at the hipjoint.大腿外旋(髋关节外旋)Laterally rotate thethigh at the hip joint.使躯干前屈Bends the trunk forward.阔筋膜张肌阔筋膜张肌tensor fasciae latae使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋。

使阔筋膜紧张并屈髋Greater trochanterlliotibial tractGluteus maximus,tendongluteus maximus 臀大肌(二二)髋肌后群髋肌后群Latissimus dorsiErector spinae,thoracolumbar fasciaGluteus medius,fasciaGluteal fold_Fascia latalliac crestglut edius梨状肌卫府肌卫府肌下开下开股方肌quadratus femorism肌s中eu臀(二二)髋肌后群髋肌后群闭孔内肌obturator internuspiriformis muscle臀小肌gluteus minimus闭孔外肌闭孔外肌obturator externus(二二)髋肌后群髋肌后群(二二)髋肌后群髋肌后群闭孔内肌obturator internus梨状肌piriformis muscle髋肌后群的作用髋肌后群的作用 伸髋关节：臀大肌伸髋关节：臀大肌 内旋髋关节：臀中肌、臀小肌内旋髋关节：臀中肌、臀小肌 外旋髋关节：臀大肌、臀中肌、梨状肌外旋髋关节：臀大肌、臀中肌、梨状肌、臀小肌、闭孔内肌、闭孔外肌、股方肌臀小肌、闭孔内肌、闭孔外肌、股方肌 外展髋关节：臀中肌、臀小肌、梨状肌外展髋关节：臀中肌、臀小肌、梨状肌髋肌后群的作用髋肌后群的作用臀大肌gluteus maximus Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint(使髋关节伸和外旋);下肢固定时，能伸直躯干，防止躯干前倾，是维 持人体直立的重要肌肉。

臀中肌臀中肌 gluteus medius:使大腿外展、内旋和外使大腿外展、内旋和外旋旋梨状肌梨状肌 piriformis muscle:使大腿外展和外旋使大腿外展和外旋闭孔内肌 obturator internus:使大腿外旋臀小肌臀小肌Gluteus minimus:使大使大腿外展、腿外展、内旋和外旋闭孔外肌闭孔外肌obturator externus:使大腿外旋使大腿外旋股方肌股方肌quadratus femoris:使大使大腿外旋二、大腿肌二、大腿肌The muscles of the thigh 前群前群(伸肌群伸肌群)The anterior(extensor)group 内侧群内侧群(收肌群收肌群)The medial(adductor)group 后群后群(屈肌群或腘绳肌屈肌群或腘绳肌)The posterior(flexor or hamstring)group股直肌股直肌Rectusfemoris m.股外侧肌股外侧肌Vastuslateralis m.lliopectinealarchPectineal ligamentPectineusAdductor longusSartorusAdductor magnusGraciis股内侧肌股内侧肌 Vastusmdialis m.缝匠肌Sartorius m.Vastus medialisFascia lata,iliotibial tract(一一)大腿前肌群大腿前肌群Psoas muiopsoalliaIliopsoasTensor fascia lataeSubcutaneous intrapatellar bursaSubcutaneous prepatollar bursansor offascia lataPatellar ligamentInguinal ligamentVastus laterallsRectus femoris(Psoas minopthighbone.condyleFibuia,headFamurmedial股直肌Rectus femoris股外侧肌Vastus lateralis股内侧肌Vastus mdialis股直肌腱股直肌腱Rectus femoris,tendon髌韧带Patellar ligament股四头肌soas majorPromontonPirdormisSacrospinous ligament-Pacten pubis pectineal ineSupenor pubic igamentPoctineusAdductor tongusGracilisAdouctor canat,femoral artery and veinlf i uscular septumascintaaliaoriedubsartnteromsAFascia lataRectus femoris,tendonPatellPatellar ligamentquadriceps femorisSartorlusTengortascia latae tensor ot fascia lataGiuteus mediusVastus lateraisVastus medialisFemur thighbone,mediai condyleRectus femorsHliopsoastliaculSartorusQuadriceps femoris股外侧肌Vastus lateralis股中间肌Vastus intermedius股内侧肌Vastus mdialis股直肌腱股直肌腱Rectus femoris,tendon髌韧带Patellar ligament股四头肌股前肌群的作用股前肌群的作用 股四头肌股四头肌quadriceps femoris伸膝关节。

Extends the knee joint;股直肌使髋关节屈股直肌使髋关节屈TheThe rectusrectus femorfemoris flexes the thigh at the hip joint.缝匠肌缝匠肌 sartorius屈髋关节、屈膝关屈髋关节、屈膝关节FlexesFlexes thethe hiphip joint and knee.使半屈位膝关节内旋Medially rotatesthe flexed knee.耻骨肌addu长ct 肌longus大收肌股薄肌or收(三三)大腿内侧肌群大腿内侧肌群adductor magnuspectineal musclegracilis耻骨肌短收肌adductor brevisaddu c大to gnus收肌腱裂孔收肌腱裂孔adductor hiatus gracilis 股薄肌股薄肌r ma收肌(三三)大腿内侧肌群大腿内侧肌群pectineal muscle股内侧肌群的作用股内侧肌群的作用使大腿(髋关节)内收和外旋Adduct and laterally rotate the thigh股二头肌短头股二头肌短头 biceps femoris,short head股二头肌长头股二头肌长头 biceps femoris,long head半膜肌semimembranosus半腱肌semitendinosus(三三)大腿后肌群大腿后肌群半膜肌半膜肌股二头肌长头股二头肌长头半腱肌腱半腱肌腱long headSemitendinosus.tendon股二头肌短头股二头肌短头short headbiceps femoris,biceps femoris,(三三)大腿后肌群大腿后肌群semimembranosus大腿后肌群的作用大腿后肌群的作用 伸髋关节、屈膝关节。

伸髋关节、屈膝关节ExteExtendnd thethe thighthighat the hip joint and flex the leg at the knee joint.半腱肌和半膜肌：使半屈位的膝关节半腱肌和半膜肌：使半屈位的膝关节内旋股二头肌：使半屈位的膝关节外旋股二头肌：使半屈位的膝关节外旋三、小腿肌三、小腿肌The muscles of the legThe anterior (extensor and invertor)group前群前群(伸肌群或内翻伸肌群或内翻肌群肌群)The lateral(flexor and evertor)group外侧群外侧群(屈肌群或外翻屈肌群或外翻肌群肌群)The posterior(flexor and invertor)group后群后群(屈肌群或内翻屈肌群或内翻肌群肌群)后骨筋膜鞘后骨筋膜鞘外侧骨筋膜鞘外侧骨筋膜鞘小腿的骨筋膜鞘小腿的骨筋膜鞘前骨筋膜鞘前骨筋膜鞘Tibia,medialcondyleTibial tuberosityGastrocnemiusSoleusia胫骨前肌Tibial anterior,tendon趾长伸肌趾长伸肌extensordigitorum longusExtensorFibularis brevisterior intermuscularExtensorExtensorhallucis longusInferior extensorretinaculumLateral malleolusPatella-lliotibial tract 一Patellarligament1.1.小腿前肌群小腿前肌群拇长伸肌拇长伸肌extensorhallucis longusFibularis i E nigdi m 一Extensordigitorum brevisonstoru,trlongusxtensooneusnoer,tertiuusertttetibialis anteriorExtensor hallucisExtensorhallucis brevisFibularis longusTibialis anteriorperoneus longusdigitorum longusdigitorum longusgeroneus brevislongus,tendonseptum of legMedial mall小腿前肌群的作用小腿前肌群的作用 背屈背屈(伸伸)踝关节：胫骨前肌、拇长踝关节：胫骨前肌、拇长伸伸肌和趾长伸肌。

肌和趾长伸肌足内翻：胫骨前肌足内翻：胫骨前肌伸拇趾：拇长伸肌伸拇趾：拇长伸肌、拇短伸肌拇短伸肌伸第伸第2525趾：趾长伸肌、趾短伸肌趾：趾长伸肌、趾短伸肌lliotibial tractFibula,headGastrocnemius-SoleusCalcaneal tendonLateral malleolusSuperior fibular retinaculum superior peroneal retinaculumFibularis longus peroneus longus,tendonInferior fibular retinaculuminferior peronea。