医学院校硕士研究生英语读与写Unit 11.ppt

医学院校硕士研究生英语读与写中国人民大学出版社中国人民大学出版社English for Master Students in Medical UniversitiesChina Renmin University Press教材总主编 卢凤香主编：主编： 张海萍张海萍 张华君张华君 殷红梅殷红梅 编者：编者： 闵闵 楠楠 苏苏 萍萍 任任 雁雁 郑守志郑守志 刘刘 娟娟 谢谢 瑜瑜课件制作主编：课件制作主编： 郑守志郑守志 刘刘 娟娟课件制作参与人：张海萍课件制作参与人：张海萍 张华君张华君 卢凤香卢凤香课件审阅人：课件审阅人： 美籍专家美籍专家James BoultonJames BoultonUnit 11 Text A Someone who Believed in Them Helped Them to Recover Outline n nBackground information to Text An nAnalysis of the textn nGlobal analysis of the textn nAnalysis of the text structuren nSummary of the textn nReference answers to the exercisesBackground information to Text An n1) Introduction to the authorn nDaniel B. Fisher, M.D. from George Washington University Medical School in 1976，Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1968 and an A.B. in Biology from Princeton University in 1965. Background information to Text An n1) Introduction to the authorn nDr. Fisher is a staff psychiatrist at Riverside Community Mental Health Center in Wakefield, Massachusetts. He has worked as a board-certified psychiatrist for 25 years in a variety of inpatient and community settings such as a state hospital, day care centers, outpatient clinics, and elderly housing. He was Medical Director for a community mental health center for 12 years.Background information to Text An n1) Introduction to the authorn nHe also is a Co-Director of the National Empowerment Center in Lawrence, Massachusetts; a consumer-run Research, Training, and Information Center, which he helped found in 1992. Based on their research, he and Co-Director Laurie Ahern have developed the Empowerment Model of Recovery. They also have designed a training program based on the empowerment model, called the Personal Assistance in Community Existence, PACE/Recovery Program. Background information to Text An n1) Introduction to the authorn nThe purpose of the PACE/Recovery Program is to inspire and educate the mental health system and the public to view mental illness in a positive light, and to help all involved in these crises to understand that through hope, self-determination, and believing in the person, people can recover. Dr. Fisher has brought their message of recovery to the public through print, television and radio news. Background information to Text An n2) Introduction to the topicn nMental illness is the second leading cause of disability in the United States and mental disorders affect one in five Americans according to the first-ever Surgeon General's report on mental health released in December 1999. However, mental illness is shrouded in such shame that many people neglect the issue. As a result, people labeled with mental illnesses face great stigma and discrimination. Although research has given us tremendous knowledge about the brain and new medications and mental health services have improved nowadays, the most basic and important elements to recovery from mental illness is trust according to the author of this article. Background information to Text An n2) Introduction to the topicn nDr. Daniel Fisher, the author illustrates his point with his own experiences as well as the experiences of those who have significantly recovered from mental illness. According to Dr. Fisher, people with a mental illness need close relationships with others in order to promote their recovery. Background information to Text An n3））Related background information n nA. Yodan nYoda, the ancient and revered Jedi Master, lived his final years hiding on the swamp planet of Dagobah. Nine hundred years old, Yoda had trained Jedi for eight centuries, and was very powerful in the Force. Among his last pupils were the most important (and reckless) Jedi in recent history, Obi-Wan Kenobi and Luke Skywalker. Background information to Text An n3））Related background information n nA. Yodan nIn the waning days of the Republic, Yoda was a respected senior member of the Jedi Council. Serving alongside such luminaries as Mace Windu and Ki-Adi-Mundi, Yoda was present during the turbulent events that would eventually unravel the centuries-old Republic and seal the fate of the Jedi order. Background information to Text An n3））Related background information n nA. Yodan nYoda served an important role in the Jedi Council. When young Padawans began their first foray into Jedi training, they did so under Yoda's guidance. Many of the Republic's greatest Jedi trained under Yoda when they were children -- schooled in groupings called clans. Once the Jedi hopefuls grew older, approaching their teenage years, they would then be paired to an elder Jedi Knight or Master to continue training one-on-one. Background information to Text An n3））Related background information n nA. Yodan nThe pall of the dark side fell over the Republic during its twilight years, and Yoda grew increasingly concerned. The emergence of the dark side created a disturbance in the Force strong enough to cloud the Jedi's insights into important matters. Sensing the grave uncertainty of the future, Yoda recognized the need for answers. The Jedi Council dispatched Obi-Wan Kenobi to investigate an assassination attempt apparently carried out by Separatist forces. What he found was all the more troubling. Background information to Text An n3））Related background information n nA. Yodan nAn entire clone army had been secretly created for the Republic, by decree of a late Jedi, Sifo-Dyas. None in the Council knew of this development, nor had they foreseen it. Further investigation revealed that the Separatists were gearing up for war. Count Dooku, one of Yoda's former Padawans, was consolidating a military force out of the droid armies of the commerce guilds. Something needed to be done. Background information to Text An n3））Related background information n nA. Yodan nSupreme Chancellor Palpatine, newly granted emergency powers, took possession of the Clone Army, and ordered the Jedi into action. Yoda voyaged to the distant world of Kamino to gather the newly created Republic Military, and arrived on Geonosis to rescue the survivors of an ill-fated Jedi taskforce. Background information to Text An n3））Related background information n nA. Yodan nAs Republic clones engaged Separatist droids, the Clone Wars began. Yoda, acting as general, oversaw the battle from the forward command center. The clones handily defeated the Separatists on Geonosis, but many escaped. Yoda followed his instincts to a darkened hangar where Count Dooku had grievously wounded Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker. Background information to Text An n3））Related background informationn nB. Carl Rogers (1902-1987)n nA great writer, a real pleasure to read. The most complete statement of his theory is in Client-centered Therapy (1951). Two collections of essays are very interesting: On Becoming a Person (1961) and A Way of Being (1980). Finally, there's a nice collection of his work in The Carl Rogers Reader, edited by Kirschenbaum and Henderson (1989). Background information to Text An n3））Related background informationn nC. Martin Buber (1878-1965)n nAn Austrian-Israeli-Jewish philosopher, translator, and educator, whose work centered on theistic ideals of religious consciousness, interpersonal relations, and community. Buber's evocative, sometimes poetic writing style has marked the major themes in his work: the retelling of Hasidic tales, Biblical commentary and metaphysical dialogue. Background information to Text An n3））Related background informationn nC. Martin Buber (1878-1965)n nA cultural Zionist, Buber was active in the Jewish and educational communities of Germany and Israel. He was also a staunch supporter of a bi-national solution in Palestine, instead of a two-state solution, and after the establishment of the Jewish state of Israel, of a regional federation of Israel and Arab states. His influence extends across the humanities, particularly in the fields of social psychology, social philosophy, and religious existentialism.Analysis of the text n n1) He was the first person I encountered out of the ordeal that actually had some sort of feeling. （（Paragraph 1））n n n nWhen I fell into difficulties, he was the first to show me that he cared.n nStructure: ‘that’ clause modifies “the first person” Analysis of the text 2) Don't let them get their way…（（Paragraph 1））n nget one’s way: to get or do what one wants in spite of oppositionn nExample: Parents should not let only children always get their way. Analysis of the text 3) There was a knowing in their eyes that I saw that said I see you and I really believe in you, someone that carried me, somehow that encouraged me to not fall backwards. （（Paragraph 2））n nI could see from their eyes that they really believed in me and that they would always be by my side and hold me from falling back.n nStructure: “that I saw’ and “that said I see you” both modify “a knowing” as attributive clauses.Analysis of the text n n4) Recently he described a priceless moment with a consumer/survivor, Eric, which everyone else had written off. （（Paragraph 3））n nwritten off: to decide that somebody or something is useless, unimportant or a failure.n nExample: We have written off the project as a non –starter. Analysis of the text n n5) For many years he would only listen to heavy metal which Jim felt he needed to listen to because it was needed to drown out his painful thoughts. Now Eric is able to listen to soft rock and folk. （（Paragraph 4））n ndrown out: to prevent a sound from being heard by making a loud noise.n nExample: The street was so crowded that no matter how hard he tried his voice was drowned out by the traffic. Analysis of the text n n6) Then they will present more and more of themselves to you.“ （（Paragraph 5））n nThen they will show more of their feelings to you.Analysis of the text n n7) Such an elusively simple description of the beauty he weaves. （（Paragraph 5））n nThe description of Jim’s relationship with his patients is deceptively simple. In actuality his attitude has deep significance to his patients and their recovery. Through his work (the weaving) the product (the relationship with his patients) is beautiful, like the weaver of a beautiful carpet. Analysis of the text n n8) Jim’s manner reminds me deeply of the contact I yearned for and occasionally found in my own journey to recover my own lost self. (Paragraph 6) n nyearn for: have a strong desire for, especially something that is difficult to get.n nExample: Everyone is yearning for the weather to change after the long bitter winter. Analysis of the text n n9) When I asked how he felt about my attending a group with another therapist. He said he trusted that I knew what I needed to heal. (Paragraph 6) n nWhen I asked him about my further treatment with another therapist, he told me that he believed that I could make the right decision and that I knew what kind of treatment I needed.Analysis of the text n n10) Equally compelling is the centering and spiritual renewal coming for the person who does the believing in another. (Paragraph 7) n nPeople that believe in and help others experience a personal spiritual and mental renewal of their own through the act of stepping away from their own problems and caring about another person. n ncompelling: powerful Analysis of the text n n11) She clearly had a new light in her eye. (Paragraph 7)n nShe began to understand the meaning and purpose of life in a particular way which can obviously be seen in her eyes.Analysis of the text n n11) She clearly had a new light in her eye. (Paragraph 7)n nin a new light: if someone or something is seen or shown in a new and different light, you begin to understand them in a particular way .n nExample: The new discoveries provide much new information and I began to understand the origin of the Universe in a new light. Analysis of the text n n12) He stated that “the safety of being liked and prized as a person seems a highly important element in a helping relationship.” （（Paragraph 8））n nIt is very important for people to have a sense of safety from being liked and prized in a helping relationship.Analysis of the text n n13) I can recognize in him the person he has been created to become. （（Paragraph 8））n nI am able to know his native potential qualities.Analysis of the text n n14) When someone is labeled with mental illness, it is as if all that has been learned to be helpful in therapy is thrown out. （（Paragraph 9））n n n nIt seems as if all of the treatment that was given in order to help a patient feel normal was in vain if the patient has been diagnosed as mentally ill. Analysis of the text n n15) Our lived experiences speak otherwise. （（Paragraph 9））n nOur experiences in life show just the opposite result.n nOtherwise: to say something is different from what has been mentioned.n nExample: The government claims that the situation in Iraq is improving but this survey suggests otherwise.Analysis of the text n n16) We who have been labeled with mental illness, remain just as human if not more so than others who are temporarily not labeled. （（Paragraph 10））n nCompared with those who are currently considered as normal, people considered as mentally ill have at least equivalent human feelings and behaviors. Analysis of the text n n17) These relationships need to be nurtured and cultivated for us to find the compass of our true self to guide our recovery. （（Paragraph 10））n nWe should encourage and develop these relationships so as to be in a proper position to recover from mental illness.Analysis of the text n n18) Any system of care which disturbs or interferes with these relationships is preventing, not promoting recovery. （（Paragraph 10））n nAny treatment that disturbs or interferes with these relationships jeopardizes the process of recovery.Global analysis of the textn nMedication and treatment can bring patients back to a normal life. However, for those who are suffering from mental illness, trust and encouragement can work a miracle. Trust from their doctors and nurses can put a sparkle into their lives and encourage them not to fall back. Encouragement from doctors, nurses and friends, either in action or in words, brings psychological help, and helps the patients more than medication and medical treatment.  Analysis of the text structure n nThe text falls into three parts: n nPart I n nParagraphs 1—6 demonstrate through examples that people can significantly recover from mental illness if they can be helped by someone who trusts them. n nPart II n nParagraphs 7—8 further illustrate that the people who trust and help others will also receive centering and spiritual renewal. n nPart III n nParagraphs 9—10 point out that people often do not want to communicate with mentally ill patients as equals and do not trust these patients. trust these patients. This can jeopardize the process of recovery. This can jeopardize the process of recovery. Summary of the text n nThe text mainly illustrates the most effective way of treating people labeled with mental illness. It begins with the viewpoint that mentally ill people can significantly recover from the mental illness if they are helped by someone who believes in them. Trust encourages patients to build a close relationship with someone else and ultimately rescues them from their distressing circumstances. Summary of the text n nThe author has successfully proved this point through his descriptions of patient experiences. Additionally, not only the one being helped, but also the one who is willing to be of help can benefit from such attitudes. The research of Carl Rogers and Martin Buber serve as very good support for this concept. We, as well as the patients labeled with mental illness, have the same basic need for a trusting, loving and caring relationship which requires development and improvement. Any system of care that disturbs or interferes with the setting up of a trusting, loving and caring relationship will seriously jeopardize the process of patient recovery.  Reference answers to the exercises n nText An n1. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) T 5) Tn n3. n n1) incentive 2)potential n n3) labeled 4) heal n n 5) compelling 6) insight n n7) elusive 8) nurture n n9) drowned out 10) yearn for Reference answers to the exercisesn n4. Writing exercisesn nA. Translation from Chinese to Englishn nDespite improvements in overall medical services and the medical environment, facilities and skills in recent years, the trust between medical professionals and patients is comparatively weak due to negative factors such as poor attitudes and lack of communication and understanding between the two parts. Reference answers to the exercisesn n4. Writing exercisesn nA. Translation from Chinese to Englishn nProfessor X holds that with the increased awareness of health issues and with improved medical reforms, people strongly believe that considering the prices they pay they deserve first-class service. People now demand a higher level of quality from medical services. Many patients are no longer satisfied with the accepted behavior of the past from their doctors. Therefore, a change of status quo is essential for medical staff and improvements in medical services should be focused on medical management and reform, designed to improve the relationship between patients and medical service personnel considering the pressures resulting from the current atmosphere.  Reference answers to the exercises n nText Bn n1. 1) F 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T n n3. n n1) affixing 2) transplants n n3) specify 4) presumed n n5) advocating 6) acknowledge n n7) proposed 8) donation n n9) obese 10) controversy Questions are welcome!Thank you!。