北京交通大学语言与传播学院855基础英语历年考研真题及详解合集.docx

目　录2003年北京交通大学855基础英语考研真题及详解2004年北京交通大学855基础英语考研真题及详解2005年北京交通大学453专业综合考试考研真题及详解2006年北京交通大学453专业综合考试考研真题及详解2007年北京交通大学453专业综合考试考研真题及详解 2003年北京交通大学855基础英语考研真题及详解Part One: Vocabulary, Structure and Reading ComprehensionⅠ. Vocabulary and Structure: Choose the correct or most suitableanswer for each of the following statements. (20%)A. In each question, decide which of the four choices given will mostsuitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.1. In the late 1800’s Ellen Richard began work in the new field of“sanitary science” which was concerned with waste removal, waterpurification and _____.A. to ventilate adequatelyB. adequate ventilationC. adequate ventilateD. ventilation adequately【答案】B【解析】句意：19世纪末，艾伦·理查德开始投身新的领域“卫生科学”，这种科学包括废物处理、净水和充分通风。

根据waste removal和water purification可知，此处应填写结构相同的“形容词＋名词”短语因此答案选B 2. The topology of Mars is more _____ than that of any other planet.A. like that of the EarthB. the Earth’s like that ofC. like the Earth of thatD. that of the Earth’s like【答案】A【解析】句意：火星的拓扑结构更像是地球的拓扑结构，而不是其他行星的拓扑结构根据后文than可知，此处构成比较级more like Athan B“与B相比更像A”的结构根据后文“that of any other planet”可知，此处应填写与此结构类似的短语，即“that of the Earth”that此处为代词，指代前文的topology因此答案选A3. _____ about individuals who really existed and things that actuallyhappened.A. Folktales which sometimes tell stonesB. The stories of folktales sometimes tellingC. Stories sometimes told are when folktalesD. Folktales sometimes tell stories【答案】D【解析】句意：民间故事有时会讲述真正存在的人的故事和实际发生的事情。

根据后文可知，后文的句法成分为定语从句，作宾语的定语成分，全句中缺少的句子成分为主干成分，即“主谓宾”，此处应选择为主谓宾结构的短语因此答案选D 4. Not until 1979 _____ its policy of reform and opening to the outsideworld.A. China has startedB. when China startedC. did China startD. started China【答案】C【解析】句意：直到1979年中国才开始改革开放政策当Not until位于句首时，句子要倒装，其结构为：Not until＋从句/表时间的词＋助动词＋（主句）主语＋谓语如：Not until the teacher came in did thestudents stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话因此答案选C5. —“Then about Tolstoy’s great novels.”—“Who _____ has read his great novels can forget their fascination?”A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whoever【答案】B【解析】句意：“接下来谈谈托尔斯泰的小说吧。

哪个读过他伟大的小说的人会忘记他们的魅力？”分析后半句的句子成分，代词who为主 语，forget为谓语，fascination为宾语，中间部分为定语从句修饰主语“人”，先行词为who或that，为避免重复，此处先行词只能用that因此答案选B6. —“I did not go to the party.”—“Did _____ go to the party?”A. many John’s friendsB. many John’s friendsC. my sister boy friendD. a boy friend of my sister’s【答案】D【解析】句意：“我没有去派对那我姐姐的男性朋友有去的吗？”如果想表达“约翰的很多朋友”，应该用many of John’s friends，因此A、B错误同样的结构，表示从属关系“我姐姐的男性朋友”，应该用my sister’s boy friend或a boy friend of my sister’s因此答案选D7. —“John had the piano tuned today.”—“Was it _____?”A. out of tune badly beforeB. before badly out of tuneC. badly out of tune beforeD. out of tune before badly 【答案】A【解析】句意：“约翰今天把钢琴调好了。

它以前严重走调了吗？”before意为“之前”，badly意为“严重”，副词作状语修饰动词，应紧跟在动词后，时间状语放在句子成分后边根据因此答案选A8. During the late 1850’s the question of the best route for the overlandmail to California was _____ in the West.A. interest of a serious topicB. a serious interest of topicC. a topic of serious interestD. serious interest of a topic【答案】C【解析】句意：在20世纪50年代末期，向加利福尼亚州发送陆上邮件的最佳路线问题是西方最感兴趣的话题根据句意可知，人们谈论的是“话题”而不是“兴趣”，此处的中心词为topic，serious interest为强调topic内容的成分，因此答案选C9. Carbohydrates are the most abundant and _____ food sources ofenergy.A. least costB. least costlyC. less costD. fewer costs 【答案】B【解析】句意：从能量上讲，碳水化合物是最丰富和最便宜的食物来源。

costly是名词cost派生出来的形容词，意为“昂贵的”，与前文的most对应，此处应填写最高级least因此答案选BB. In each item, choose one word that best keeps the meaning of thesentence if it is substitute for the underlined word.10. The diffusion of wealth made it possible for those poor people toenjoy the same kind of service.A. springB. spreadC. sprayD. sprawl【答案】B【解析】句意：财富的扩散使这些穷人有可能享受同样的服务spring跳跃spray喷射spread和sprawl有相似的义项“蔓延”，但spread意为“传播；散步”，sprawl意为“杂乱无章地拓展”因此答案选B11. A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape tothe bucolic life—but in general, the stream of migration is flowing the otherway.A. pastoralB. pastime C. pastureD. pasty【答案】A【解析】句意：只有少数殷实的绅士仍然可以避居乡间过着田园生活。

bucolic意为牧歌般的pastoral牧歌pastime消遣；娱乐pasture牧草pasty肉馅饼；苍白的因此答案选A12. Both gas and oil can be found in the minute pores of rocks such aslimestone and sandstone.A. outcomeB. outputC. outletD. outfit【答案】C【解析】句意：天然气和石油都可以在石灰岩和砂岩等岩石的微小孔隙中找到pore孔隙；气孔outcome结果output输出outlet出口outfit装备因此答案选C13. Critics have traced the genesis of Mark Twain’s central themes to hisboyhood experiences.A. meaningB. structure C. originD. optimism【答案】C【解析】句意：批评家们把马克·吐温的中心主题的起源追溯到他童年时代的经历genesis起源；创始meaning意义structure结构origin起源optimism乐观。

因此答案选C14. To conceal itself, an octopus sensing danger will squirt a black fluidthrough an opening under its head.A. strainB. swallowC. soak upD. spurt out【答案。