
法律英语常用词汇大全.pdf
210页法律英语常用词汇大全一、律师部分案件受理费 court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case案由 cause of action案 子case包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits [ma' nopalaiz]被 告defendant( 用于民事、行政案件) ;the accused ( 用于刑事案件)被上诉人 appellee [.aepa l i :]被诉人 respondent; defendant本案律师 councel pro hac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate [sa, t ifik it ]辩护词 defense; pleadings [' p li: dig]辩护律师 defense lawyer辩护要点 point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁 property tenancy [' tensnsi]裁定书 order; ruling; determination ( 指终审裁定)裁决书award ( 用于仲裁)裁决书verdict ( 用于陪审团)采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence草拟 股权转 让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests查阅法条 source legal provisions [prS vi5an]产权转让 conveyancing出差 go on errand or a mission; go on a business trip [' erand]出国深造 further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭 appear in court传票 summons; subpoena [ss1 pi :na, sab-] subpoenan ( 法律)传 票 ( 传唤到庭作证的书面命令)【 记】sub下面,poena= penalty ( n惩罚)一面临惩罚一传讯【 类】subpoena:witness=conscript:soldier 传讯召证人= 征兵召士兵royalty: payment=subpoena:writ版税是一种酬劳= 传票是一种书面命令lien:claim=subpoena:command扣押权是一种权利=传票是一种命令"答辩状 answer; reply代理词 representation代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、 商标、 专利、 版权、 房地产、 工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations [, nautorai' zeijan]代理仲裁 agency for arbitration [, a:bi' treijan]代写文书 drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case [' pendi.] prep.直到,等待…期 间a.待定的;迫近的当事人陈述 statement of the parties第三人 third party吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license [, revs' keijan]撤 回 , 撤销, 吊 销n收回调查笔录 investigative record : [in'vestigeitiv] adj.研究小组, 侦查, 调查. 调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence调解 mediation [. mi :di'eijon]调解书mediation二审案件 case of trial of second instance [' instans] n.例子, 场合,情况,要求,诉讼程序vt.举例说明发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问 legal consultants [kan1 sAltant]法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询 legal counseling法庭 division; tribunal [d i1 vi3an] n.分(开, 配 担 歧 裂 ) ; 除(法) ;部门;[trai'bjumal]n.法庭, 法院, 法官席, 裁决法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会 law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系 faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)rbaetjele]n.单身汉,学士J.D ( juris doctor缩写, 美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告 court announcement反诉状 counterclaim [' kaunts]n .计算器, 计算者, 柜台[ 计算机] 计数器a d j.相反的ad v.与 … 相反地v t .反对, 反击v i.反对, 反击房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer非合伙律师 associate lawyer [s saujieit] vt.联想, 联合n.伙伴,同事,同伴adj.副的, 共事的, 有联系的n. 准学士学位获得者VI.父往非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice [ lit i' geijan] n .诉讼, 起诉高级合伙人senior partner高 级 律 师 senior lawyer各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts [' kontraekt, kan't 侬 kt]n.合 同 vi.缩小; 订合同vt.染 上 ; 订 ( 约)公安局 Public Security Bureau公 司 上 市 company listing n.表 , 名单, 目录, 清 单;v.上市,列举公诉案件 public-prosecuting case [' prosikju: t] vt.起诉,告发,从事, 彻底进行vi.起诉,担任检察官公证书 notarial certificate [nau' tearisl] a d j.公证人的,公证的;[s T t ifik it Jn .执照, 证( 明) 书vt.认可, 批准, 发证书给…国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易 international trade国际诉讼 international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation [da' mestik] adj.家庭的,国内的, 驯养的 ;n.佣人, 家仆合伙律师 partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law office合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人 interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect兼职律师 part-time lawyer监狱 prison; jail鉴定结论 expert conclusion缴纳会费 membership dues举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi [' aunasin.义务,责任;决定书decision勘验笔录 record of request [ri' kwest] vt. / n.请求,要求看守所detention house [di1 tenjan]n.滞留,停留;拘留,扣留;( 教育) 留下抗诉书 protest「proutest, pro'test] n.抗议,反对;V.抗议,反对,申明控告人 accuser; complainant跨国诉讼 transnational litigation劳动争议 labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人 interested party; party in interest律管处处长 director of lawyer control department律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law [a'ta:ni] n.(辩护) 律师律师惩戒 lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函 lawyer5 s letter律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication [.aete'steijan] n. 〈 正式〉证明, 证实, 证据[o:. 0 enti'keijon] n.证明, 鉴定律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗 lawyer' s docile; file [' dsusail] a d j.容易教的, 温顺的;n.卷宗律师刊物 lawyer' s journal律师联系 contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所 law office; law firm律师收费 billing by lawyer律师网站 lawyer website律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition [' a: tik i] n.文章, 物品,条款, [ 语] 冠词vt. 订契约律师业务室lawyer' s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理 assistant lawyer律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam[. kw olifi' keijsn]n.资格,限制, 资历律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解 civil mediation民事诉讼 civil litigation派出所 local police station; police substation [' sAb. steijan] n .分局,分台, 分所[pS li:s ]判决judgement( 用于民事、行政案件) ;determination( 用于终审) ;sentence( 用于刑事案) ;verdict( 由陪审团作出) [ 'vo:dikt]裁 定 , 裁决, 定案, 结论, 陪审裁断,陪审团裁决, 原判旁证 circumstantial evidence [. ss:kam'staenjal]adj 依照情况的;( 描述)详尽的;间接地企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 公司章程 , 细则企业重组 corporate restructure起诉状 information; indictment [in1 daitm9nt]n.公 诉 , 检控, 控告书, 起诉书, 讼谍, 刑事起诉书, 状词取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress]'kc)9gres]n.议 会 , 大会 , 代表大会, 议院缺席宣半U pronounce judgement or determination by default [pranauns]v.判 决 , 声明, 宣布人民法院 People' s Court人民检察院 People' s Procuratorate [ 'prokjuoreitorit]n.检察院认定事实 determine facts上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case [a pel it] adj.控诉的, 上诉的, 受理上诉的上诉人appellant上诉状 petition for appeal [pi,tijan]vt. v i.请求,请愿 n.请愿,请愿 书( to make a request)涉 夕 卜 律 师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association申请人 petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人( 仲裁) claimant; plaintiff申 . 诉 书 appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律)) 市 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据 audio-visual reference material适用法律 apply law to facts受害人victim书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局 Judicial Bureau司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam送达 service of process诉 , 讼 litigation; action; lawsuit诉, 讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务 litigation practice诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim推销法律服务 promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office委托代理合同 authorized representation contract委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent委托授权书power of attorney物证 material evidence嫌疑人 criminal suspect项目融资 project financing项 目 . 谈 当U project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼 criminal litigation行政诉讼 administrative litigation休庭 adjourn the court; recess宣判 pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修 attendance in advanced studies一审案件 case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms原告 plaintiff证券律]) 市 securities lawyer证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录 execution record执业登t己 registration for practice执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area执业申请 practice application执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁 arbitration仲裁案件 arbitration case仲裁机构 arbitration agency专门律师 specialized lawyer专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查 credit standing investigation自诉案件 private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案 件case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案 卷 材 一 料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案 夕 卜 人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victimJ s agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被 申请人 respondent被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the originaljudgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回 自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court贝才产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for propertypreservation裁 定 order; determination ( 指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order裁定书 order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据 admitted evidence查 封seal up撤回上诉 withdraw appeal撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判, 发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand thecase ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权为J决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤 summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩 answer; reply答辩陈述书 statement of defence答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice大检察官 deputy chief procurator代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial withrestricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate PeopleJ s Procuratorate第三人 third party调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixeddate定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻 结freeze督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairmentof civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties二审 trial of second instance二审案件 case of trial of second insurance罚款 impose a fine法定证据 statutory legal evidence法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法 官judges法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查 court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法 院 court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher PeopleJ s Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomousregions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证为L关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties恢复执行 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic PeopleJ s Court羁押期限 term in custody级 另U管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住 living at home under surveillance监 狱prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径彳亍判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement withoutnoticei可式诉' 讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval ofanalogical sentence累积证据 cumulative evidence立 案 报 ■ 告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师 见证书 lawyer ' s written attestation; lawyer ' s writtenauthentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于开事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict ( 指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of abusiness corporation起 . 诉 filing of a lawsuit起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院 grassroots PeopleJ s Procuratorate取 保 十 笑 审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会 People' s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property asqwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerningdetermination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposingcapacity上 诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状 petition for appeal少管所 juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security涉 夕 卜 案 件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings涉夕卜开事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings申请人 applicant; petitioner申请书 petition; application for arbitration申请执行人 execution applicant申诉人宣誓书 claimant' s affidavit of authenticity申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长 presiding judge审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision审判委员会 judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order胜诉方 winning party省市自治区检察院 higher PeopleJ s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death实 ( 质)体证据 substantial evidence实物证据 tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据 demonstrative evidence视听证据 audio-visual evidence收容所 collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属 victim, s immediate family受理 acceptance受理刑J事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case受送达人the addressee书记员 court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证 documentary evidence司法部 Ministry of Justice司法机关 judicial organizatons司法警察 judicial police司法局 judicial bureau司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions,and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助 judicial assistance死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死开愎核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence死开愎核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence送达 service of process送达传票 service of summons/subpoena送达诉状 service of bill of complaint搜 查 search诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前贝才产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit诉 . 讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人 litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim特别程序 special procedures提起公诉 institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序 procedure of court trial通缉 wanted for arrest投案 appearance退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation委托辩护 entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不至I」 庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause无罪半ij决 acquittal, finding of “ not guilty物证 material evidence先予执彳亍申请书 application for advanced execution先予执行 advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留 criminal detention开博强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal开lj事诉讼 criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law开ij事 自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件 administrative case行政审判庭 administrative tribunal彳 亍 政 诉 . 讼 administrative proceedings行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣 告 死 亡 案 件cases concerning thedisappearance and death宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters询I句证人 inquire/question a witness训诫 reprimanddeclaration of讯问笔录 record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect言词证据 verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding一审 trial of first instance一审案件 case of trial of first instance应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action有罪判决 sentence; finding of "guilty”予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告 plaintiff院长 court president阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件 case of retrial再审 申请书 petition for retrial责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议 creditors( meeting侦查阶段 investigation stage侦查终结 conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff anddefendant证据 evidence证据保全 preserve evidence证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit支付令 payment order/warrant知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal执行程序 procedure execution执行逮捕 execution of arrest执行和解 conciliation of execution执行回转 recovery of execution执行庭 executive tribunal故L行异议 objection to execution执行员executor执 彳 亍 中 止 discontinuance of execution执行终结 conclusion of execution指定辩护 appointed defense指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院 intermediate PeopleJ s Court中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission仲裁 arbitration仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会 arbitration committee仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员 arbitrator主诉检察官 principal procurator助理检察官 assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院 special court专门管辖 specific jurisdiction专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction追究刑J事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility自首 confession to justice自诉案件 private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自 由, 心 证 缶(I度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence自侦案件 self-investigating case最高人民法院 the Supreme People' s Court最高人民检察院 the Supreme PeopleJ s Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法 case law; precedent普通法common law特别法 special law固有法 native law; indigenous law继受法 adopted law实体法 substantial law程序法 procedural law原则法 fundamental law例外法 exception law司法解释 judicial interpretation习惯法 customary law公序良俗 public order and moral自然法 natural law罗马法Roman Law私法 private law公法 public law市民法jus civile万民法 jus gentium民法法系 civil law system英美法系 system of Anglo-American law大陆法系 civil law system普通法common law大陆法 continental law罗马法系 Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法 equity; law of equity日尔曼法 Germantic law教会法 ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范 authorization norm禁止规范 forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law平等原则 principle of equality自愿原则 principle of free will公平原则 principle of justice等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange诚实信用原则 principle of good faith行 为 act作 为 act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权 absolute right相对权 relative right优先权 right of priority先买权 preemption原权 antecedent right救济权 right of relief支 酉 己 权 right of dominion请求权 right of claim物上请求权 right of claim for real thing形成权 right of formation撤销权 right of claiming cancellation否认权 right of claiming cancellation解除权 right of renouncement代位权 subrogated right选择权 right of choice承认权 right of admission终止权 right of termination抗辩权 right of defense一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance既得权 tested right期待权 expectant right专属权 exclusive right非专属权 non-exclusive right人身权利 personal right人权 human right人格权 right of personality生命健康权 right of life and health姓名权 right of name名称权 right of name肖像权 right of portraiture自由权 right of freedom名誉权 right reputation隐私权 right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权 virginity right身份权 right of status亲权 parental power; parental right亲属权 right of relative探视权 visitation right配偶权 right of spouse荣誉权 right of honor权 禾II 的保护 protection of right公力救济 public protection私力救济 self-protection权利本位 standard of right社会本位 standard of society无责任行为 irresponsible right正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自 为 彳 亍 为 self-conducting act紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity自助行为 act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力 capacity for act意思能力 capacity of will民事行为civil act意,思 、 表示 declaration of intention意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person保佐 protection自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力 incapacity for act禁治产人 interdicted person自然人 natural person公民 citizen住所 domicile居所 residence经常居住地 frequently dwelling place户籍 census register监护 guardianship个体工商户 individual business农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household合伙 partnership合 伙 人 partner合伙协议 partnership agreement合伙贝才产 property of partnership合伙债务 debt of partnership入伙 join partnership退伙 withdrawal from partnership合伙企业 partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙 partnership of legal person特另合伙 special partnership普通合伙 general partnership有限合伙 limited partnership民事合伙 civil partnership隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship法人 legal person企业法人 legal body of enterprise企业集团 group of enterprise关联企业 affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人 legal body of mass organization贝 才 团 法 人 legal body of financial group联营 joint venture法人型联营 association of legal persons合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management合作社 cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal actwithout award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为 ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺 诈fraud胁 迫duress乘人之危 taking advantage of othersJ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通 malicious collaboration重大误解 gross misunderstanding显失公平 obvious unjust- 误 传 misrepresentation代 理agency本人 principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人 original agent法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权 right of agency授权行为 act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理 agency by mandate本代理 original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理 authorized agency表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency律师代理 agency by lawyer普通代理 general agency全权代理 general agency全权代理委托书 general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间 brokerage居间人broker行纪 commission; broker house信 托trust时效 time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止 suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断 interruption of limitation/prescription时 一 效 延 长 extension of limitation取得时效 acquisitive prescription时效终止 lapse of time; termination of prescription期 日 date期 间 term涉外民事关系 civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范 rule of conflict准据法 applicable law; governing law反致 renvoi; remission转致 transmission识别 identification公共秩序保留 reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍 nationality国有化 nationalization法律责任 legal liability民事责任 civil liability/responsibility彳 亍 政 责 任 administrative liability/responsibility开U事责任 criminal liability/responsibility违约责任 liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default有限责任 limited liability无限责任 unlimited liability按份责任 shared/several liability连带责任 joint and several liability过失责任 liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任 fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim' s fault第三人过错 third partyJ s fault推定过错 presumptive fault恶意 bad faith; malice, 故 意 deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失 negligence重大过失 gross negligence疏忽大意的过失 ca re I ess and inadvertent negligence过于 自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption损害事实 facts of damage有形损失 tangible damage/loss无形损失 intangible damage/loss贝 才 产 损 失 property damage/loss人身损失 personal damage/loss精神损失 spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式 methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害 cease the infringing act排除妨碍 exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险 elimination of danger返还财产 restitution of property' 恢复原状 restitution; restitution of original state赔偿损失 compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss支付违约金 payment of liquidated damage消除影响 eliminate ill effects恢复名誉 rehabilitate oneJ s reputation赔礼道歉 extend a formal apology物权 jus ad rem; right in rem; real right物权制度 real right system; right in rem system一物一权原则 the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义 principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原贝(J principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus re rem物 property生产资料 raw material for production生活资料 means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物 res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物 limited merchantable thing禁止流通物 res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资 产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产 current asset; floating asset动产 movables; chattel不动产 immovable; real estate特定物 res certae; a certain thing种类物 genus; indefinite thing可分物 res divisibiles; divisible things不 nJ分物 res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物 res capitalis; a principal thing从物 res accessoria; an accessory thing原物 original thing孳 息 fruits天然孳息 natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods遗失物 lost property漂流物 drifting object埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property货币 currency证券 securities债 券bond物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership所有权 dominium; ownership; title所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership使用权 right of use; right to use of收益权 right to earnings; right to yields处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有 possession in good faith恶意占有 malicious possession按份共有 several possession共同共有 joint possession他物权 jus in re aliena用益物权 real right for usufruct使用权 right to use; right of use土地使用权 right to the use of land林权 forest ownership采矿权 mining ownership经营权 managerial authority; power of management承包经营权 right to contracted management相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright地上权 superficies永 彳 田 权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuitythrough a contract上 也 役 权 servitude; easement人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权 real right for security物的担保 security for thing物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权 priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权 tenant right债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditorJ s right债权人creditor债务人debtor相对人 counterpart; offeree给付 give; pay债务 debt; liability; obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并 consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类 obligatio; obligation法定之债 legal obligation任意之债 voluntary obligation简单之债 simple obligation选择之债 alternative obligation主债 prime/principal obligation从债 accessory obligation单一之债 single obligation按份之债 several obligation连带之债 joint obligation特定之债 certain obligation种类之债 indefinite obligation合同之债 contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation ofdamages人身损害 damage to person精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage医药费 hospital treatment expense医疗费 medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金 consolation money产品瑕疵 defect of product不当得利 unjust enrichment无因管理 voluntary service债的担保 guarantee of obligation贝 才 产 担 保 property guarantee信用担保 credit guarantee让与担保 alienation guarantee保证 guaranty明示保证 express guaranty默示保证 implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit押金 deposit; foregift预付款 advanced payment定金 earnest money; deposit违约金 liquidated damages法定违约金 liquidated damages by law约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement债的履行 performance of obligation实际履行原贝doctrine of specific performance,情事变更原贝!J doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿 discharge; satisfaction提存 debtor' s submission of the subject matter of obligation tocompetent authority抵 销 setoff知识产权 intellectual property知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果 intellectual property著作权copyright版权 copyright著作权人 copyright owner仓 tl作 creation作品 opus; product; work著作人格权 right of personality of copyright发表权 right of publication署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity修改权 right of modification; right of revision完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval自 费出版 publish a book at the author, s own expense著作财产权 property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权 right to make use of获得报酬权 right to get payment重播权 right of rebroadcasting录帝权 right of fixation机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism盗 版 pirate盗版 VCD pirated VCD伪 造 forge工业产权 industrial property专利权 patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则 prior application rule使用在先 priority of use新颖性novelty创造性 creativity实用性 practicability发明仓造 invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计 design; industrial design发明权 right of invention发现权 right of discovery专利申请 patent application专利异议 objection to a patent专 禾 !J公告 patent gazette专利续展费 renewal fee of patent专利许 nJ协议 patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专 禾 !J证书 certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People's Republic of China商标权 trademark right商标国际注册 international registration of trademark商品商标 commodity trademark服务商标 service trademark驰名商标 reputed trademark广告商标 advertisement trademark近似商标 similar trademark商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board商标审查 trademark examination商标侵权 trademark infringement商标注册 registered trademark商标公告 trademark gazette注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理 trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption婚姻法 marital law; marriage law包办婚姻 arranged marriage贝 才 产 分 割 partition; dismemberment of property重 婚 bigamy独生子女only child法律婚 legal marriage非婚生子女 illegitimate child夫妻共同贝才产community property夫妻关系 conjugal relationship夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board复婚 resumption of marriage感情破裂 incompatibility婚后贝才产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties婚姻登记 marriage registration婚生子女 ligitimate child计划生育birth control结 婚 marry离婚 divorce买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation涉 夕 卜 婚 姻 marriage with foreign elements配 偶 spouse事实婚 de facto marriage诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation探视权 visitation right同居 cohabitation晚婚 late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚 divorce by agreement一夫一妻制 monogamy早婚 early marriage直系血亲 lineal descent自然血亲 natural blood relation收养法 adoption law收养协议 adoption agreement收养人 adoptive pa rent送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉 夕 卜 收 养 adoption with foreign elements继承法 inheritance law; law of succession法定继承 legal seccession遗嘱继承 intestate succession遗赠继承 succession by devise自然继承 natural succession代 位 名 死 承 representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承 hereditary succession间接继承 indirect succession转继承 subsuccession共同继承 joint succession单独继承 single succession继承人 heir; successor第二顺序继承人 successor second in order第一顺序继承人 successor first in order继承参与人 succession participant遗产 inheritance; heritage遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor遗言 last will and testament遗书 last words遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement四、商事法律会计法 accounting law税法 tax law; taxation law反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law消费者权益保护法 consumer? s interest protection law产品责任法 production liability law消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law公司法 company law; corporate law公司 company; corporation有限责任公司 limited liability company股份有限公司 company limited by shares无限公司 unlimited company股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司 joint liability company控股公司 holding company集团公司group company合资公司 joint venture company联营公司 associated company; affiliated company国营公司 state-own company国有公司 state-owned company民营公司 civilian-run company本国公司 national/domestic company外国公司 foreign company上市公司 listed company母公司 parent company子公司 subsidiary皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless company募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation发起人 floater; initiator公司名称 name of company公司住址 domicile of company出资 contribution; capital subscription现金出资 investment in cash实物出资 investment in kind工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology劳务出资 investment in labor高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements注册资本 registered capital实缴资本 paid-in capital验 资 才 艮 告 capital verification report会计师事务所 certified public accountants注册会计师 certified public accountant资本三原则 three doctrine of capital资本确定原贝[I doctrine of capital determination资本维持原贝ij doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度 minimum capital system公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw公司登t己 incorporation; corporate registration公司存续 existence of company公司合并分立 merger and split of company公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition公司管理 corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿 company rectification公司歇业 closure of business公司和解 company composition公司解散 company dissolution公司清算 company liquidation公司清理 company winding-up竞业禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本 stock capital股东 shareholder股东大会 shareholders? meeting股东大会决, 议 resolution of shareholders? meeting股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholdersJmeeting表决权 voting right; right to vote董事 director董事长 president/chairman of the board首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO)首席运营官 chief operation officer(COO)执行董事 executive director常务董事 managing director董事会 board of directors董 事 会 领 导 下 的 经 理 负 责 制responsibility system of the chiefexecutive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system监事 supervisor监事会 board of supervisors股 share; stock普通股 common stock特别股 special stock资格股 qualification stock优先股 preferred stock劣后股 inferior stock表决权股 stock with voting power溢价股 premium stock折价股 converting stock国家股 state-owned share集体股 collective share法人股 corporate share企业股 enterprise share个人股 individual share股息 dividend红股 bonus stock; dividend stock法定公积金 legal accumulation fund资本公积金 capital accumulation fund盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund任意公积金 optional accumulation fund公司犯罪 corporate crime证券法 securities law证券发行 issuance of securities证券上市 list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange证券商 securities dealer证券公司 securities company证券承销商 consortium of underwriters证券承销合同 underwriting contract证券经名己人securities broker披露制度 disclosing system交割 日 closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会 securities supervision committee票据法 law of negotiable instrument票据 notes; bills; commercial instruments商业票据 bill; commercial instrument远期票据 time bill;; long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order不记名票据 bearer instrument本票 promissory note支 票cheque汇票 bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日 date of draft/issue发票地 place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为 act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人 payer on commercial instrument票据收款人bill collector票据背书人 endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人 renewed recourser前手 remote holder后手 subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限 term of bill; tenor票据债务人 debtor of commercial instrument追索权 right of recourse票据抗辩 exception to bill票 据 丧 失 loss of bill票据时效 prescription of exchanges票据贴现 discount of bill再贴现 rediscount of bill恩惠期间 term of benevolence票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法 maritime law船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry; certificate of ship' s nationality船棋国 flag country船舶所有权证书 certificate of ship ownership船舶检验 register of ship船舶保险 insurance on hull船舶保险单 hull insurance policy船舶登记证书 certificate of registry船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船 舶 抵 押ship mortgage船舶租赁 ship chartering船舶转租 ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞 ship collision船舶遇难 maritime distress海上灾难 perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押 detention of ship船舶债权ship, s credit船级社 classification society船级证书 certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage海上优先请求权 priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权 priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权 priority claim to general average服务优先权 priority claim to service货物损害优先权 priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit andgoods credit海运合同 shipping contract提单 bill of lading(B/L)空舱费 dead freight租船费 charterage租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment期租船合同 time charter-party; time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter-party海上旅客运输合同 contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同 contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同 contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告 master' s protest;; sea protest海事声明书 sea protest海事争议 maritime dispute海事法|院 maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序 maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施 measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权 preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书 application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达 service of legal instruments in maritimeaction/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权 jurisdiction of maritime action involving forelements强制变卖被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则 rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法 insurance law自 愿保险 voluntary insurance强制保险 compulsory insurance商业保险 commercial insurance贝 才 产 保 险 property insurance人身保险 personal insurance人寿保险 life insurance健康保险 health insurance意 夕 卜 保 险 accident insurance社会保险 social insurance养老保险 endowment insurance医疗保险 medical insurance失业保险 unemployment insurance信用保险 credit insurance保证保险 guaranty insurance保险合同 insurance contract保险人 insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人 benificiary投保人 applicant for insurance;; policy holder保险单 insurance policy保险标的 insurance object保险费premium保险期限 time limit of insurance保险利益 insurable interest保险金额 insurance; insurance compensation保险事故 insurance accident保险赔偿 insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索 赔claim代位索赔 claim by subrogation理赔 settlement of claim代位求偿权 right of subrogation委付 abandonment退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance五、刑法总论刑法学 criminal law; penal law犯罪学 criminology犯罪心理学 criminal psychology劳动改造法学 reform-through-labor中国刑法史 history of Chinese criminal law比较开法学 comparative criminal law刑事侦查 criminal detection司法精神病学forensic psychiatry罪开法定原贝U principal of a legally prescribed punishment for aspecified crime罪刑相适应原则 principal of suiting punishment to crime罪责自负原贝1 J principal of bearing responsibility solely for one' s owncrime惩罚与教育相结合原则 principal of combining punishment witheducation从 I日原贝the doctrine of observing old laws从新原贝ll the doctrine of observing new laws从旧兼从轻原贝lj the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones whenwith lighter punishment从新兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones whenwith lighter punishment追诉时效 limitation of prosecution刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility开博责任年龄 age for criminal responsibility开 !J 事 责 任 能 力 criminal responsibility; capacity for criminalresponsibility7日 罪 crime; commit a crime故 意 孑 己 罪 intentional crime; willful crime过失犯罪 negligent crime犯罪构成 constitution of a crime犯罪主体 subject of a crime犯罪客体 object of a crime犯罪的主观方面 subjective elements of a crime犯罪的客观方面 objective elements of a crime犯罪对象 target of a crime犯罪故意 criminal intent; mens rea直接‘故意 actual intent; direct intent间接故意 indirect intent犯罪过失 criminal negligence疏忽大意的过失careless negligence过于 自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption不能预见 unforeseeable; unpredictable不能避免unavoidable犯罪动机 criminal motive犯罪 目 的 criminal intent; criminal purpose防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity才E罪既遂 completion of a crime犯罪未遂 attempted crime温哥华冬奥会海地地震超级家教助你宅家学英语法律英语导读广告常用英语词汇( 三)新概念英语词汇大全商务英语:广告常用英语词汇( 一)广告常用英语词汇( 二)金融专业英语证书考试(FECT) ,你了解吗犯罪形态 criminal pattern7日罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime犯意表示 expression for a crime才 日 罪 中 止 abandonment/discontinuance of a crime犯罪中断 suspension of a crime行为犯 behavioral offence危险犯 potential damage offence结果犯 consequential offence结果力口重犯 aggregated consequential offence类推 analogy案 件 case案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案 件 名 称 title of a case案卷材料 materials in the case案情陈述书 statement of case案 夕 卜 人 person other than involved in the case案值 total value involved in the case败诉方 losing party办案人员 personnel handling a case保全措施申请书 application for protective measures报案 report a case (to security authorities)被告 defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victirrTs agent ad litem被上诉人 respondent; the appellee被申请人 respondent被申请执彳亍人 party against whom execution is filed被执行人 person subject to enforcement本诉 principal action必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord辩护 defense辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论阶段 stage of court debate驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳何请求 deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain theoriginal judgement/ruling驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书 notice of dismissal驳回 自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回 自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩 supplementary answer补充判决 supplementary judgement补充侦查 supplementary investigation不公开审理 trial in camera不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by thecourt贝才产保全申请书 application for attachment; application forproperty preservation裁 定 order; determination ( 指最终裁定)裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order裁定书 order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据 admitted evidence查 封seal up撤回上诉 withdraw appeal撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判, 发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remandthe case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权半U决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤 summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩 answer; reply答辩陈述书 statement of defence答辩状 answer; reply大法官 associate justices; justice大检察官 deputy chief procurator代理控告 agency for accusation代理申诉 agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为 申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trialwith restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure当事人陈述 statement of the parties当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院 inter-mediate People's Procuratorate第三人 third party调查笔录 record of investigation定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on afixed date定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻 结freeze督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge独任庭 sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对 妨 碍 民 事 诉 讼 的 强 制 措 施compulsory measures againstimpairment of civil action对席判决 judgement inter parties二审 trial of second instance二审案件 case of trial of second insurance罚款 impose a fine法定证据 statutory legal evidence法定证据制度 system of legal evidence法 官judges法警 bailiff; court police法律文书 legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询 legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查 court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式 mode of court trial法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal法 院court法院公告 court announcement反诉 counterclaim反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim反诉状 counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action复查 reexamination; recheck复验 reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官 senior procurator高级人民法院 Higher People's Court告诉案件 case of complaint告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children公安部 Ministry of Public Security公安分局 public security sub-bureau公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces,autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of centralgovernment公开审理 trial in public公开审判制度open trial system公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation公诉案件 public-prosecuting case公诉词 statement of public prosecution公证机关 public notary office共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction管辖 jurisdiction国际司法协助 international judicial assistance海事法院 maritime court合议庭 collegial panel合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench和解 composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties' 恢 复 执 彳 亍 resumption of execution回避 withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People's Court羁押期限 term in custody级 另U管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住 living at home under surveillance监 狱prison检察官 procurator检察权 prosecutorial power检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院 procuratorate检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序 summary procedure鉴定结论 expert conclusion经济审判庭 economic tribunal径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement withoutnotice红 1 1 句式诉. 讼 inquisitional proceedings拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所 detention house举报 information/report of an offence举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院 military procuratorate开庭审理 open a court session开庭通知 notice of court session勘验笔录 record of inquest看守所 detention house可执行财产 executable property控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings控诉证据 incriminating evidence控诉职能 accusation function扣押 distrain on; attachment扣押物 distress/distraint宽限期 period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration劳改场 reform-through-labor farm劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval ofanalogical sentence累积证据 cumulative evidence立案报告 place a case on file立案管辖 functional jurisdiction立案决定书 written decision of case-filing立案侦查 report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师 见证书 lawyer's written attestation; lawyer's writtenauthentication律师事务所 law office; law firm律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer免于开事处分 exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭 detached tribunal派出所 police station判决 judgement; determination判决书 judgement; determination; verdict ( 指陪审团作出的)旁证 circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕 approval of arrest破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产 bankruptcy; insolvency普通程序 general/ordinary procedure普通管辖 general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidationof a business corporation起诉 filing of a lawsuit起 . 诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状 indictment; information区县检察院 grassroots People's Procuratorate取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决 default judgement人民调解委员会 People's Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property asqwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件casesconcerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limiteddisposing capacity上 诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状 petition for appeal少管所 juvenile prison社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings涉夕卜开博诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings常用法律词汇解释Ab initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态, 例如合约从开始便已经无效, 称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accused被 告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant; 而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent( 答辩人) Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称 为“Theaccused is acquitted vo Acquittal 是名i司 Adjourn休庭, 押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟, 称为“adjourned for 30minutes"如要将聆讯押后再排期重审, 称为"adjourned to a date tobe fixedAffidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation,两者的格式用词有些分别, 但主要作用相同Allegation声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言,例如:The Plaintiff alleged that hisloss was due to the Defendant? s breach of contract, 原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致Allegation是名词Assault殴打,侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为,称 为 Assault, 一般性质的殴打,称 为 "Common Assault";严重者称为 Aggravated Assault;未经许可触摸他人身体,可以被控非礼,称 为 Indecent Assault。
As is现伏“As is” 常用于物业买卖的合约中, 指物业的现状 "The propertyis and will be sold on an "as is" basis…” 即物业将会以其现状出售Bail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告, 可以暂时被释放 保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的 保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准, 法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益, 所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准, 控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点, 法庭才会判处被告有罪刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点, 都会将疑点的利益“ benefit of doubt”归于被告Binding有约束力的“ binding” 通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的, 例如:This provisional agreement is a binding contracto 这份临时协议是有法律约束力的。
Body Corporation法人团体经法律程序而产生具有与自然人相同法律地位的组织,例如:根据公司条例注册成立的有限公司Limited Company,可以拥有资产,可以向外借贷,可以提出控诉,也可以被申索法人团体没有自然的死亡因素,所以必须经法律程序才可以将它消除Burden of Proof举证责任无论是刑事或民事案件, 提出控诉的一方,都负有举证的责任,即是向法庭提出证据,支持控诉和申索的事由虽然在一般的情况下,向法庭举证是主控和原告的责任, 但如果被告在刑事案中被法庭判罪之后,再被受害人以民事追讨赔偿,则在有关的民事诉讼中,如果被告否认他对受害人的损失需要负上赔偿的责任, 被告便有责任向法庭举证,支持他的抗辩Cause of Action诉讼理由提出诉讼, 必须要有合理的事实根据, 缺乏合理的诉讼理由,对方不但可以向法庭请求剔除有关的诉讼, 同时可以要求赔偿浪费了的律师费及其它费用Caution警诫词执法人员( 警察及海关人员等)在拘捕疑犯时,提醒疑犯保持缄默的权利的警告说话 执法人员在没有给予疑犯警诫词的情况下所录取的供词,可能不会被法庭接纳为有效的证供Certified Copy核证副本指经律师或其它合资格人士核证的文件副本, 核证副本都有核证人的签署和核证日期,以确认该副本进行了核证,除特别声明必须用文件正本的情况外,核证副本一般都视为有效的文件。
Chamber办公室诉讼律师和法官的办公室,称 为“Chamber”诉讼程序中有部份的聆讯是在法官的办公室中进行的,称为内庭聆讯" hearing inchambers ” ,内庭聆讯只准许当事人及其法律代表出席Charge收费,控罪,抵押,押 记Charge可以是名词,也可以是动词,它包含了多个不同的解释:L是提供服务的收费,例:Legal Charge律师收费;2 . 是刑事控罪,例 : This case has more than one charge 这案件包含多于一项的控罪;3 . 是借贷的抵押,例: The company chargedits property for the loan这间公司以其物业作为借款的抵押;4 . 是对法定债务人的物业的押记,用以偿还有关的法定债务Claim申索民事诉讼的传票中,原告须要将其向被告申索的事由详细列明,称为 Statement of Claim 或 Particulars of ClaimoConcurrent Sentence合并判决刑事案中的被告犯了两项或以上的罪名同时成立, 但各项罪名的判刑同时执行, 例如第一项罪的判刑是一年监禁,而第二项罪的判刑是监禁两年,两项罪合并判决,被告只需要被服刑两年。
Consecutive Sentence连续判决刑事案中的被告所犯的不同罪行,是以连续判决执行,则被告需要分别服刑,例如一项罪被判了两年,另一项罪则被判了三年,被告便需要连续服刑五年,才会被释放Consideration对价,约因合约是订约方自愿建立的法律关系,是一方以有价值的代价或者承诺以换取对方的承诺或代价, 这些合约中的承诺或代价称为对价或约因,缺乏有效的对价或约因,合约便不能成立Contempt of Court藐视法庭是一种严重的罪行,可以被判罚款或监禁藐视法庭包括不遵守法庭命令、违反对法庭作出的承诺,妨碍司法公正等行为Contributory Negligence分担疏忽意外中的伤者对意外的造成及他自己的受伤程度, 需要分担部份疏忽的责任,他所获得的赔偿额也会相对地减少Copyright版权是作者对他所创作的作品的发表、翻印、复制等专有权利,版权在作品完成后便自动产生及受法律保护, 毋须经过任何注册程序, 但必须为原创作品才拥有版权Counterclaim反申索,反诉在民事诉讼中,被告对原告作出申索,而该申索的事实和理据与原告的申索是有关连的,反申索是一项独立的申索, 所以原告必须对反申索作出适当的响应,例如进行抗辩等。
Custody保管,监护,拘留一般而言,Custody这个名词是指对对象的保管或拥有,但在家事法中,Custody of Children是指对未成年子女的监护权;而在刑事案件中,则指对被告的拘留Decree法庭判令法庭聆讯后所作出的判令,可以分成暂时性判令"decreenisi” 和永久性判令"decree absolute",常见于离婚呈请的程序一般而言, 法庭颁出decree nisi后, 在指定的期限过后, 除非收到反对,否则都会颁出永久判令Deed契约是一种特别的合约,须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效,契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因Defamation诽谤非法破坏他人名誉的行为, 口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行Defence抗辩刑事或民事案件中的被告,否认有关的指控或申索,同时提出反对的支持事实Dependant受养人是指某人的某些家庭成员, 需要依靠这个人提供的经济来支持生活,如果这个人因意外死亡,他的受养人因而遭受损失,是有权追究责任,要求赔偿有关的损失Disclaimer弃权,否认是指某人愿意放弃法律上的某项权益,如果这项权益是以书面确认,则这份文件称为Disclaimero此外,也可以是指对某个声称或指控作出否认的行为。
Discovery of documents披露文件在民事诉讼的程序中, 原告和被告都需要向法庭及对方披露其所持有关于该案件的所有文件, 基于公平、 公开和公正的法律原则,是 “ 所有与案有关的文件”都需要披露,而不是只披露对自己有利的文件Distraint封租租客拖欠租金, 业主可以根据租约条文向法庭请求封租令, 将租客留在物业中的物品充公拍卖,偿还所拖欠的租金和封租的费用Domicile居藉是一个人定居的地方,[ 居藉] 与[ 居所] 不同,每一个人只可以有一个居藉,但却可以多于一个居所,居藉可以是以出生地为居藉,也可以自行选择移居的居藉,也可以是法律界定的居藉,一个人的法律地位受其居藉影响Estoppel不可反言是“Stop”的意思,法律上不容许否认经已作出的行为,或者不容许引申某项违反公平原则的争辩Ex Parte单方在公平的原则下,诉讼的程序一般都是以双方"Inter Parte”形式进行,即是与讼双方同时有机会向法庭作出申辩 但在某些特殊的情况下,例如对申请人有人身或财物安全的迫胁, 或者不让对方有机会毁灭证据等,是可以容许以单方形式进行 例如以单方传票向法庭申请禁制令,禁止对方将子女擅自携离香港。
False Imprisonment非法禁锢非法禁锢是一种刑事罪行,也是一种侵权行为,不单是指将受害人拘禁的行为,同时是指无合法理由而禁止他人自由离开的行为触犯非法禁锢罪行,可以被警方控诉,也可以被受害人追讨赔偿损失Fiduciary Duty诚信责任公司董事和受托人等,因为其身处位置, 对委托人或有关的受益人都负有诚信的责任, 基本上,诚信责任就是不能以位或权而谋私,凡事均以委托人的利益为前题Forthwith立即法律书信经常用的副词, 是立即的意思, 例:The outstanding sumshould be settled forthwith.应该立即清还所欠的款项其实,所谓立即,可以理解为最短的合理时间Frivolous琐屑无聊民事诉讼中原告的申索理由, 或者被告的抗辩理据,如果是Frivolous琐屑无聊,对方可以根据高等法院规则向法庭申请,将该申索或抗辩剔除,并索取诉讼费Garnishee第三债务是法定债务人的债权,例如在银行中的存款,出租楼宇所得的租金等 如果败诉的一方, 并没有依照法庭判令对另一方作出赔偿,胜诉一方便可以向败诉方的第三债务发出扣记令, 要求从该第三债务中取得获判的赔偿。
Guarantee保证保证人(G u a r a n t o r)承诺当某人不作出某指定的行为时,例如不依期还款,便负责赔偿受保证人的损失 保证一般都会以书面并以契约形 式 订 立 , 称 为Deed of GuaranteeHearing聆讯案件在公开审讯前, 法庭进行的各项中途聆听与讼各方的申请或陈述,聆讯一般都在内庭形式进行,与案无关人士不得列席Hearsay evidence传闻证据不是证人从亲身经历而得的证据,只是听取其它人的转述,或者呈交由他人制定的文件,例如收费单据等Implied term默示条款在合约中并没有明文订立的条款, 但因为事实的需要, 法例的规定或者有关行业的惯例,在合约中加诸的条款 例如在雇佣合约中,虽然没有订明雇员必须尽忠职守,勤力工作,但其实这些条件,经已默示在合约当中,被视为有效的条款Infringement侵犯权利一般指侵犯了他人的民事权利,多用于知识产权的侵占行为 例:Using a registered trade mark without its owner? s permission isa serious infringement of the owner, s proprietary right. 盗用他人注册商标是一项严重的侵犯权利行为。
Injunction禁制令禁制令是法庭颁下禁止某项行为或不行为, 受禁人必须遵从命令的指示,例如不可以接近某人等,或者清除所有非法僭建物等,不理会禁制令等于是藐视法庭,可以被判罚款甚至监禁Instrument文书,文件处理法律事务及作为证据的文件, 例如股份转让时用的转. 让文书(Instrument of Transfer) oInter alia其它以外在法律文件书信中,经常会出现这个拉丁词,意思是在“ 当中列出这一项” ,即是尚有其它事项Interim order暂时命令指在诉讼过程中暂时性的命令, 例如在离婚呈请中法庭所颁下的暂时性赡养费令(Interim Maintenance O rder),在案件审理后,法庭再判定永久性命令,以取代该暂时性命令Interlocutory中途的指令法庭在诉讼过程中发出的指令,例如指定双方在14天内交换文件清单,或者批准其中一方申请延期将文件送交法庭存盘等Intestacy无遗嘱逝世后没有留下遗嘱, 死者的遗产便须要按照" 无遗嘱者遗产条例> > 分配,但在进行遗产分配之前,在该条例中指明合资格的人,应 先 向 高 等 法 院 的 遗 产 承 办 处 申 请 成 为 死 者 的 遗 产 承 办 人(Administrator),然后负责分配死者的遗产。
Intra vires权力以内得到授权行事,必须在权力范围以内进行, 才算是合法的行为,并没有得到授权而进行的事项,都属于权力以外(ultravivres)Ipso facto事实使然单以行为或事实本身所产生的效果, 便已经可以对事情作出判断Issue发 出 , 争 论 点 , 子 嗣 Issue可以作多方面的解释, 例 如 : 1 .发出: Thiswrit was issued more than one year.这份传票是在1 年多以前发出的;2 . 争论点:The issue of this action is the date of the contract.这案件的争论点是合约的日期;3 . 子嗣:None of his issues will be benefitedfrom his estate.他的子嗣都不会在其遗产中得益Joint tenancy联权两人共同拥有一项物业,可以以联权的形式拥有, 亦可以以分权的形式(Tenancy in Common)拥有联权拥有物业,一般人称为“ 长命契” ,联权形式是双方共同拥有物业的全部,当其中一方逝世后,剩余的一方便独自拥有该物业。
Lapse失去时效在商议的过程中, 所给予考虑的时限过后, 有关的提议也失去了效力例: This offer will be lapsed automatically after the time limit.这项要约在期限过后,便会自动失效Leave许 可 Leave这个词一般解作“ 离去” , 但法律上则用作为法庭的许可,例:It is necessary to seek the CourtJ s leave to file a document out oftime. 时限过后,必须得到法庭的许可才可以将文件存盘Lien留置权这是扣留他人财物的权利,一般用作为还款的保证, 或者作为还款的交换Limitation period时限民事申索案件,一般都有一个指定的时限,时限过后,必须要得到法庭的特别批准, 才可以进行有关的申索或者程序一般的合约纠纷时限为6年,但涉及契约的纠纷则有12年时限,雇员工伤索偿的时限是由意外发生日起的两年内进行,而其它受伤索偿的时限则有3年Liquidated damages定额赔偿民事诉讼中原告所申索的赔偿是一个指定的数额, 当被告收到了传票后,如果他照该指定赔偿额付款给原告,原告便再没有申索的理据,案件也就因此而完结。
Listing案件排期案件发展至进行审讯的阶段, 便可以向法庭申请将案件排期审讯,案件可以在固定名册中排期,也可以在浮动名册中排期Maintenance供养,赡养费一个人向另一个人提供经济给予的行为,称为供养而在家事法上,对子女配偶提供的生活费用,称为赡养费Merits法律理据诉讼案件中的事实, 致令原告作为提出控诉的法律依据,或者作为被告抗辩的理由Mesne profits代租金租客不依期缴交租金, 业主可以就租客的违约行为取消有关的租约,追讨拖欠的租金,如果租客在业主取消租约后,仍然占用有关楼宇,业主可以追讨相等于租金数额的代租金,作为租客非法占用楼宇的赔偿Misappropriation挪用未经物主同意, 擅自取用他人的对象或金钱的行为,如果有证据显示挪用者有意永久占有该对象,则挪用者的行为属于盗窃Mitigation请求轻判,减 低1 .刑事案中的被告请求法庭轻判其罪行,法庭会视乎被告是否有犯罪记录,家庭背景,是否对所犯罪行表示悔意等而作出适量的判刑2 .在索偿的民事诉讼中,虽然被告有责任赔偿原告的损失,但原告也有责任将损失减低Natural child亲 生 子 女natural child泛指亲生子女,但可以是婚生(legitimate)又或是非婚生的(illegitimate)。
Negligence疏忽、怠慢这个字很多时用在专业人仕身上,主要针对专业人仕并没有根据他们的专业操守、行为,而作出适当的做法,至使他们的客户因此而蒙受损失Next friend诉讼保护人有这个保护人出现, 主要是因为诉讼人为未成年人或是病人,而需要由这个诉讼保护人来代表Nolle presequi不 起 诉enters a nolle prosequi即提出中止起诉, 是原告人对被告人的承诺,中止对被告人的起诉有别于民事案件,在刑事案件中,就算律政司提出中止起诉,并不等同被告不会因同一罪名而再受捡控Non est factum这不是我所签署的Non est factum很多时候是作为被告的辩词, 声称被告没有签署文件,又或被告签署文件的时候并不知道文件的内容,所以 non est factum 的英文解释是 it is not my deedoNotice to quit迁出通知书在业主与租客的关系上, 无论任何一方均可将通知书派送对方,作为中止租约的通知但 根 据 《 业主与租客( 综合) 条例》所例明,业主派送给租客的通知,一定要受条例内的时间限制而租客的迁出通知书亦不可以用作中途中止租约, 除非相方同意或租约有条款列明。
Nullity of Marriage判决婚姻无效在法例上的某些规限,以判决婚姻无效,这个判决,可以是男方的性无能又或女方自结婚以来一直以理由拒绝与男方相好若法庭判决婚姻无效,双方的婚姻情况便属于未婚,而不是离婚Obiter dictum法官裁判时发表之附带意见是法官判案时所发表的一些附带的意见,不会影响案件的最后判决Official Receiver破产清判官是政府的一个职位 专责处理破产或公司清盘事宜其办公室处于香港金钟道政府合署十楼Onus of proof举证责任详情可见Burden of ProofoOpen Contract条件未完全的合约合约的订立,有很多组成的部份,除了基本的合约订立人、合约年期、合约模式及双方责任等,但若合约缺少了例如双方执行的时间等,便可以称为未完全的合约 合约订立详情,请参阅法律常识版) Order of discharge解除破产令根据现行法例,若个人被法庭裁定破产, 他需要面对破产后的种种限制,包括不可以出任公司董事、不可以涉及公司管理、不可以向别人借贷而不透露自己破产的身份等等 若破产后得到法庭获准颁发解除破产令,个人便可回复自由身Ordinary resolution普通决议普通决议是指一般公司会议时, 以超过一半投票人所同意的议决, 这样的决议有别于extraordinary resolution俳常决议) 及specialresolution ( 特别决议) 。
Overruling推翻即高层法院对低层法院判案决定的推翻, 这个可以是上诉庭对一审法院判决的推翻,又或是最终法院对上诉庭判案的推翻Pa rdon赦免指犯人透过赦免而被撤销判罪或判刑,而当犯人被赦免后, 他不可以再次因同一案件再被定罪Partial intestacy部份无遗嘱继承指死者在遗嘱内,并未完全包括死者所有的遗产 例如死者在遗嘱内只提及物业、现金( 包括银行存款) 的处理,实质死者还有股票及其它珠宝手饰并未在遗嘱提及,因此, 这些未提及的遗产便需要根据无遗嘱继承法处理Personal service专人送达由送达人员亲身将法庭或律师楼文件交到收文件人手上 在某些情况下, 法庭或法例上可能会要求特别的送达方式,专人送达是其中一种,另外可能是用挂号邮件方式或由登广告的方法Personam对人与rem对物相对一是拉丁语,指对人或与人有关的Petition请求在法律上,一 个Petition可以是离婚的请求,亦可以是破产的请求,是以一个请求状的形式带出的Physical possession实 体 占 有 Physical possession有别于其它的possession,因为若对象是在一个人的实体占有,即表示那人手上真正占有该对象。
不过,实体占有并不等于对象的拥有权例如买家向卖家订货, 卖家已将对象特别与其它货物分割开,而买家已将所有金额支付,那么卖家虽然仍实体占有该对象,但他并非对象的拥有者Plaintiff原告通常在诉讼过程中,向被告人发出告票的一方为原告, 原告可以是个人或是法团,亦可以是政府Possessory title土地占有权这个土地占有权,并没有任何契据所支持,主要因为占用人已将物业占有了一段长时间,而并没有人提出反对的话,占有人便可因此而将土地注册,成为土地的注册拥有人Power of Attorney委托书以契约形成,将个人的某些权力,委派于他人身上最常见的是用于物业管理上,例如业主已移民外国,业主在港的物业,他委派一个可信的人替他管理, 亦可以透过委托书要求受委托人替他将物业出租或出售Pre-emption先 买Pre-emption最常出现在有限公司的股权买卖内,因为很多时在公司的章程内会规定,若公司的股东要将手上持有公司的股份出让,就必须要先买给现有的股东, 这个情况主要防止有外来的人仕介入公司的业务内Premium补地价补地价广泛应用在香港的新界土地转让上或房屋署的居者有其屋计划内若卖家要将这些业卖出,他必须将物业先补地价,拿到补地价纸后,才可将物业卖出,现时买卖情况,亦可以容许卖方收到买方的楼款才补地价。
Presumption of death推定死亡香港法例, 若配偶失踪达七年或以上时间,在世的配偶可以向法庭申请,推定失踪配偶已死亡若法庭颁下命令,在世配偶便可处理失踪配偶的遗产Prohibition Order禁制令禁制令常见于债权人向债务人所发出, 债权人必须令法庭满意债务人是有意图逃避法律责任,并会逃离香港,故便发出禁制令禁止债务人出境Quantum赔偿金额在民事诉讼中, 特别是一些个人受伤赔偿的案件, 很多时候,被告都会承应责任, 但至于责任要负多少来制定一个赔偿金额便是这个Quantum的问题Question of fact事实问题完全由事实为根据,与法律无关,须经由法庭所判决例如在强奸案中,受害人指被被告强奸,而被告则指出性行为乃经受害人同意, 所以这案件的事实问题是有性行为发生, 但至于有没有强奸就涉及法律问题Question of Law法律问题若果裁断是根据事实问题而作出,除非有很特别的情况,否则很难可以从上诉法庭推审下级法庭的裁断 但法律问题就不同, 诉讼当事人一般都可以就法律问题提出上诉Quilt enjoyment平静享受的权利平静享受的权利,一般出现于租约内,就算租约内没有明显条款规定业主要提供一平静享受的环境, 这个权利都可以作为一般租务住客的隐含条款。
Reckless driving鲁莽驾驶鲁莽驾驶有别于不小心驾驶(careless driving),鲁莽驾驶的情况比较严重,包括伤人及损毁财物等,刑罚比不小心驾驶重Reconciliation和解通常出现于离婚案件中,当当事人委托律师办理离婚时, 律师通常会签署一份和解书,表明律师责任只在替当事人办理离婚的申请,但没有向当事人提出和解的意见Redemption赎回在楼宇按揭中, 若借贷方打算将楼宇买出, 他一定要先将楼宇从银行手中赎回,由于香港的楼宇买卖相当频繁, 通常很少机会会先赎楼后卖出,大部份情况都是赎楼与卖出在同一天进行Refresher fee大律师上庭之额外费用大律师上庭前,通常会与当事人议定一个refresher fee即第一天上庭后的以后每天的费用Registered office注册地址注册地址是指有限公司在公司注册处内所登记的地址 注册地址在法律上有相当大的意义,因为根据公司法规定,若法律和司法文件送达到公司注册地址,这个送达便可以算是完成,除非有其它理由支持收件人没有收到文件的原因Relief法律补救方法指民事上要求法庭提供补救方法 例如在收楼令发出之后,租客只要有充份的理由,要求法庭暂停或延迟收楼,最常见是租客立即交付欠交的所有租金,收楼令便可以即可暂停。
Remand还押在刑事案件中, 疑犯还押监房并另定一日子再进行审理不过法庭亦可就个别需要而准许疑犯保释外出,等候审讯日子Remote间接若果我们说一件事件的发生比较rem ote,即其发生的可能性相当低,儿乎低至零Requisition查询在物业交易中,买方的律师其中一项责任,是要确保业权妥当,所以他有义务就卖家所提供的业权契据文件等提出查询 这个查询过程相当重要,因为若果经这个程序而发现业权有任何问题,买家可以以此作为踢契的根据Restraint of trade限制从业限制从业的情况,主要出现在雇佣关系上很多时候,雇主会在雇佣合约上加上条款,限制雇员在离职以后, 往别处地方工作或限制雇员在某特定时间内为其它雇主工作 这些限制有可能因地域或时间长短等而被法庭裁定无效Rule of law宪法精神指任何人均需要依据宪法的精神来办事Seal印章在任何契约上, 加上印章表明契约的真确和有效 在物业买卖上,一个有效的交易, 法例要求契据是要“Sign seal and deliver”即需要签名、印章及送达,才是有效的一个交易Secondary evidence代替性证据在交易上若原本的合约已遗失, 不能证明曾有限制及保障双方的证明时, 法庭很多时均会依赖这些所谓代替性证据。
这些证据可以是双方来往的书信, 双方曾签订的其它文件,以证明双方的合约意图Severance payments遣散费雇员若为雇主根据连续性合约工作满24个月,因裁员而遭解雇或被停工,便可享有遣散费遣散费的计算方法,可参考法律常识版Sine die无期通常案件被无期押后,“adjourned sine die”即法庭没有制定一个押后的日子,除非一方将文件再整理好,再要求排期聆讯为止Slander短暂形式的毁谤这些毁谤的行为是口头形式的, 但并不是透过传播媒介而发出,对针对的人形成短暂的毁谤性影响Smuggling走私指走私偷运对象进入本港,目的在逃避要缴付进口税的责任Specific performance强制履行对于合约违约一方对另外一方的一种补偿方法 若遵守一方已履行合约所要求的, 他可以要求法庭颁一个强制履行令,强制违约一方要根据合约的条款进行 若在楼宇买卖的交易上,强制履行便要双方履行必买必卖的条款Statement of affairs资产负债状况说明书在破产申请上,破产人需要填写一份Statementof affairs,用以列出所有债权人的资料及所欠的债项,详情可参考法律常识版破产的部份。
Sub-letting分租虽然在商业交易上,很多时楼宇均有分租的情况出现, 但大多数的租务合约均有明文规定,不容许租客将楼宇分租, 所以在租客决定将楼宇分租之前,最好先看清楚合约条款,避免日后与业主的诉讼Sub-rogation代位最常出现在保险的案件 例如普通交通意外, 若车主已买了保险,保险公司便会代替车主的位置去提出诉讼或向受伤的一方作出赔偿Tenant in common分权共有人是物业业权拥有的其中一种形式 有别于联权拥有的长命契形式,各人所拥有的均为一个独立的个体,并不会因其中一方逝世而令物业归于另一方所以若找到买家,分权共有人可以随时买出自己拥有物业的部份Tomlin order汤林命令和解令的一种主要在民事诉讼中,双方达至一和解协议,并将双方要履行的职责,附于附表中 但这个命令只是暂停诉讼的执行,若有一方不依据命令的行为而执行,另一方可向法庭申请恢复先前的诉讼Tracing追查若物主的对象被人盗去或用不正当的手段骗去, 对象其后被人变卖,而买方亦清楚这对象从不正当的方法取得, 物主是可以追查对象及起回不法取去对象变卖后所得的财产Training centre教导所为拘留年龄在14-21岁之间的少年罪犯的地方,少年罪犯在教导所所受的刑罚,一般比劳役中心为轻,教导所主要提供一个职业训练予少年,视乎个别情况,拘留年期大约为十八个月至三年不等。
Trespass侵越若没有任何批准而擅自进入别人的地方是一个侵越的行为, 若用之于个人身上,可以指非法禁锢或殴打他人的行为Trust信托在现今的商业社会,很多人均会成立一个信托基金, 用以管理个人的财产但另一方面在法律上,这个信托可以有很多重意义,例如在物业拥有上,土地注册处上的名称可以是一个人, 但实际上这个人只是一个信托单位,为一个或多个人之名拥有物业在这种情况,拥有人通常会要求受托人签署一份文件,以证明这个受托之安排Unascertained goods未经确定的货物在货物买卖的交易上, 买方要求卖方提供例如十件货物, 但这十件货物与其它卖方的货物完全一样,而卖方亦未就买方这个要求,而将这十件货物与其它对象分开, 所以这十件货物可以说是一未经确定的货物 这个名词的作用是, 若不幸货物在卖家货仓时被火烧毁,由于货物未经确定为买家的货物,故若有任何损失都会归卖家负担Undertaking承诺是一种自愿承担的承诺,在法律上可以用于很多层面, 例如楼宇买卖将要完成, 而卖家还欠数份契据未能赶及在交易前交到买家律师手上, 通常卖家律师会给买家律师一个undertaking,在交易完成后的若干时间会将契据送上。
另外在离婚诉讼上,若得到抚养权的一方希望带子女到外国读书,除了他要得到对方的允许外, 法庭亦会要求得到抚养权的一方给予一个undertaking,承诺若有需要, 会将子女带回香港Undue influence不正当的施压是一个阻止或防碍个人作出独立思考而作出决定的行为,最常见用于夫妇关系上, 妻子因受到丈夫的不正当施压而向银行大量借贷最后无法偿还Unsecured没有担保在破产管理上,债权人可以分为有担保与没有担保的债权人,有担保的明显是有对象给债权人作抵押的, 例如楼宇按揭便归于这类而没有担保便是其它的债项,例如信用喑欠债等,在任何情况下,有担保债项一定比没有担保债项有保障Vacant possession交吉的地产在楼宇买卖交易中,除非连租约出售的物业,否则合约内必订明物业必须交吉予买方, 如果到交易日期, 发觉楼宇仍有人居住,卖方便因没有交吉地产而作毁约论Verdict裁决指法官就案件所作出的最后决定 若果有陪审团的话, 裁决将会由陪审团作出Vicarious liability因他的作为的责任若雇员在为雇主工作时所犯下的法律责任, 其雇主亦需要为这事件负责,例如雇员受雇于车房工作,他需要将车泊好,但不幸地雇员将车撞毁,雇主亦要负上责任。
Void法律在无效例如双方签订合约买卖一件货物, 但其实根本上就未会有这件货件存在,那么这合约便可称为一无效合约Voir dire独立聆讯主要用于刑事案件人, 聆讯被告人向执法人员所作的口供是否可信,并出于自愿的Voluntary disposition无偿处理财产在破产案件中, 若债务人发现破产人在破产前蓄意将财产无偿转让予他人,来逃避破产责任, 债务人可以要求将已转让财产与其它破产财物一并处理Ward of court受法庭保护若法庭发觉未成年人或因其身体的缺陷而需要法庭保护,法庭会颁令照顾这些人或会安排社会福利处或其它监护人代为照顾Warranty保证在合约的条款中,很多时会有一保证条款,由卖方向买方提供货物质素的保证 但亦有很多情况下, 卖方亦清楚列明不会为卖出的货物提供任何情度上的保证,所以在签定合约时,这些条款一定要仔细查阅.Will遗嘱在世人士为自己死后的财务及各项安排预先签定一份俗称所谓平安纸的文件详情请参阅法律常识版Wounding伤人刑事案件,以受伤的情况及伤人的意图而分开为伤人17、19、30及 4 0 ,而以数目最细的伤人罪行为最严重罪行Writ of fieri facias抄封令很多时会与取回物业令状一起申请, 主要是执达吏在收回物业时,一并会将在物业内的对象扣押,若有需要,便会将对象拍卖以用作偿还所欠的债项。
Writ of possession取回物业令状这个令状主要用于取回租出后的物业在楼宇出租后,若租客欠租而业主欲取回物业,但他不可以随便开门入屋取回物业,他必须经过法庭程序而将物业取回 当然若租客肯自动签回一份退租书,这个步骤便可省回,亦可节省费用常用法律短语1 .Divine 's punishments, though slow, are always sure.天网恢恢,疏而不漏2 .An act is not a crime unless the law says it is one.法无明文规定者不为罪3 .This contract is made of one original and two duplicate originals, all ofwhich are of the same effect.本合同一式三份,具有同等效力4 . The law does not concern itself about family trifles.法律难断家务事5. This document is legally binding.该文件具有法律约束力6. This law is in abeyance.此法暂缓执行。
7. This law has become a dead letter.此法已成为一纸空文8. This law will go into effect on the day of its promulgation.本法自公布之日起施行9 The court dismissed the action.法院驳回诉讼10. The court ordered the case to be retried.法院命令重审此案11. Giving the killer what he deserves.予杀人者以应得之罪12. Hate the sin but not the sinner.可恨的是罪行而非罪人13. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression.每个人都享有言论自由14. Everyone is equal before the law.法律面前人人平等15. First in time, first in right.先在权利优先16. No rights can rest on one person without a corresponding dutyresting on some other person or persons.没有无义务的权利。
17. In most civil contexts it does not matter whether negligence is“gross" or "slight”在多数民事事项环境中,过失行为是否“ 严重”或 “ 轻微”并不关紧要18. Traditionally, firm referred to a partnership, as opposed to acompany.按惯例,firm 是指合伙企业,与公司相对19. A transaction between two parties ought not to operate to thedisadvantage of a third.合约不约束第三人20. An acceptance once given cannot be revoked unless the offerorconsents.除非要约人同意,承诺一经做出即不得撤回21. A contract may be modified if the parties reach a consensus throughconsultation.当事人协商一致即可以变更合同。
22. Any amendments to this contract shall become effective only by awritten agreement by Party A and Party B.对本合同的任何修改,只有经甲、乙双方签署书面协议后方能生效23. Any annex is the integral part of this contract.本合同一切附件均为本合同的有效组成部分24. Any departure from the terms and conditions of the contract must beadvised in writing.任何与合同条款相背离的地方,都应以书面形式通知25. Any failure by a party to carry out all or part of his obligations underthe contract shall be considered as a substantial breach.一方当事人不履行本合同的全部或任何部分义务均应被视为是根本违约26. Any party has no right to terminate this contract without anotherparty's agreement.未经另一方当事人同意,任何当事人均无权终止本合同。
27. Examples of void contracts are those entered as a result ofmisrepresentation, duress or undue influence.因欺诈、胁迫和乘人之危而签订的合同属于可撤销合同28. If any of the above-mentioned clauses is inconsistent with thefollowing additional clauses, the latter to be taken as authentic.以上任何条款如与下列附加条款相抵触,以下列附加条款为准29. If there are provisions as otherwise stated in respect to contracts inother laws, such provisions shall be followed.其他法律对合同另有规定的,应依照这些规定30. No consideration, no contract.合同无对价不成立31. Other special terms will be listed bellows.甲、乙双方如有特殊约定将在下列另行约定。
32. Party A and B have reached an agreement through friendlyconsultation to conclude the following contract.甲、乙双方,经友好协商一致,订立本合同33. Parties hereto may revise or supplement through negotiation mattersnot mentioned herein.本合同如有未尽事宜,双方可协商修订或补充34. The parties may dissolve the contract upon consensus throughconsultation.当事人协商一致,可以解除合同35. Counsel must not lead the witness.律师不得诱导证人36. The jury returned a verdict of guilty, and the judge will passsentence next week.陪审团裁定有罪,法官将于下周判刑37. The jury was unable to reach a unanimous decision.陪审团未能达成意见一致的裁决。
38Judgment was entered for the plaintiff.判决原告胜诉39. Now the court is in session.现在开庭40. Order in the court.法庭内保持肃静41. objection -反对 objection overruled----反对驳回美国青少年常用词汇l.disDis其实是disrespect这个词的简略形式,意思是不尊重,不重视这个词起先用在rap music绕舌音乐中演唱的人以快速强烈的节奏说唱词 近年来青少年中风行绕舌音乐,于是他们就在日常交谈中借用了 dis这个词例如:I was supposed to meet these guys in front of MacDonald's atnoon, but nobody showed up. What happened I don't know but may bethey dissed me by going some place else without telling me.我和这些人约定中午在麦当劳快餐店门前碰头, 但是他们连影儿都不见。
我不清楚他们究竟是怎么回事他们可能根本没把我放在眼里,所以去了别的地方都没跟我说一声2.propsD is的反义词Props意思是尊重,它 是 proper respect的简略形式青少年常用props这个词来恭维某人或者某人的作为,要注意的是刚才学的dis通常当动词,而 props却是名词例如:I really have to give you a lot of props. No one could have done abetter job with this assignment. Our professor has to be more thanimpressed. You'll get an A for sure I think.我可真佩服你这个作业谁也不可能比你做得更出色的了 我们那位教授一定大为赞赏我肯定你将得到A句中的give you a lot of props意思是非常佩服你又如:I sure want to give you props for speaking up at the meeting. A lotof people felt the same way, but were too scared to say anything. Youwere the only one brave enough to speak you mind.我可真敬佩你在会上大胆执言。
好多人虽然有同感却吓得不敢开口只有你勇敢地把心里话说出来句中的give you props意思是敬佩你,说话的人对他朋友的仗义执言表示敬佩3.sweet这个词对大家说来并不陌生,很多人知道它的意思是“ 甜的” ,它是sour酸,或 者 bitter苦的反义词Sweet通常用来描述可口或者给人好感的事物 我们来看看一个小伙子在描述电视转播的篮球赛时怎么应 用 sw eet这个词例如:That game was terrific! I love watching Chicago and New York playagainst one another because they play so hard. For the final play, thecrowd went crazy because the last shot was so sweet.这场球赛精彩极了芝加哥队和纽约队打球都非常卖力, 所以我特别爱看他们的比赛 最后一场使观众都兴奋得发狂;最后一球投得棒极To这里的sweet用来描绘轰动全场的最后一次投蓝,这里的sweet和味道无关,它的意思是棒极了、精彩极了Sweet也可以用来赞叹其它特别棒的事情。
例如: We got a good spot near the front and had the sweetest view ofthe fireworks. We were able to see all the different shapes, sizes andcolors. It was fantastic, just fantastic!我们在靠近前面的地方找到了看焰火的最佳位置 在那儿我们能把各种不同形状大小的五彩缤纷的焰火都看得一清二楚句中的sweetest用来描绘看焰火的好位置它的意思就是“ 最好的 ”4.lame我们大都知道lame表 示 “ 跛腿的" ,当 然 lame用在俚语里就不是这个意思了,它的意思跟sweet正好相反,表 示 “ 糟糕的,差劲的” 例如:That joke Karen told me was so lame. I couldn't believe it. She triedto be funny, but the punch line didn't make any body laugh. I think hersense of humor is really weird.Karen讲给我听的那个笑话真糟糕,简直令人难以置信。
她拼命想说得滑稽,但是她那句逗笑的话却一点没引人发笑我觉得她的幽默感有问题Lame可以用来描绘各种不同性质的糟糕或者令人生厌的情况例如: The Introduction to Economics class is so lame! The professor putsus all to sleep with his boring lectures. He doesn't teach anythingpractical or interesting. I want to switch classes.经济学导论可真差劲! 那位教授枯燥的讲课听得叫人都睡着了他教的东西一点都没实用意义我可要换班了5.24/7习惯用 语 24/7是二十四小时和七天的简称知道了这个来源它的意思就很明显了我们知道一天一共二十四小时,而一星期总共七天,所 以 24/7把一星期里的每一天、一天里的每一小时都包括在内了换句话说就是全部时间,或者每时每刻例句:Susan has been dating Gary for about a week, and she likes him awhole lot. It's difficult to get in touch with her because she's with him24/7.Susan和 G ary开始谈恋爱差不多有一星期了。
她非常喜欢Gary最近特别难找Su san ,因为她一天到晚都跟Gary在外面约会24/7尽管来自年轻人, 但不少略微年长的人受了年轻人的影响也在用这个说法例如:Taking care of babies is very difficult because they can't tell youwhat they want. My baby cries when he wants food, sleep, toys, or to bechanged-everything. It seems like he is crying 24/7.照顾婴儿可真难,因为他们不会对你说自己想要什么我那孩子一不对劲就哭,要吃了,要睡了,要玩具或者要换尿布了,都会哭他似乎老在那儿没完没了地哭G.vegVeg 显然来自 vegetableo Veg 是 vegetable 的简略形式Vegetable 是蔬菜,长在地上的蔬菜是不能自由活动的,它静静地呆在原地不动表面看来蔬菜被动呆板, 但换个角度来想它们倒也活得悠闲自在这也许就是veg这个说法的出典青年人中veg的意思就是“ 什么也不干,什么也不想,完完全全地放松休息” 。
例句:I'm so glad that the week is almost over! I've had too much workto do. So I'm staying home and vegging this weekend. I won't doanything not even think about my deadlines next week.我真高兴这个星期总算快过完了,我得做的事儿实在太多 所以这个周末我准备待在家静静地休息,我什么也不干,甚至连下星期那些截止日期都不去想有时候人们甚至等不到周末就想彻底地放松一下自己, 因为一天工作下来确实令人精疲力尽了 我们来听听一名年轻职员下班后晚上的时间打算怎么渡过例如:I've run around the office all day. I'm exhausted! A whole pot ofcoffee couldn't keep me awake. I'm going straight home to veg-maybewatch a little television, then go to bed.我一整天都在办公室里东奔西走,实在困极了。
一整壶咖啡都没法让我提神不瞌睡 我要直接回家去休息, 可能看一下电视就上床睡觉了7.chillChill这个词通常跟冷有关, 既可以指身体上的冷感也可以指情绪上的冷静但是在习惯用法中ch ill和 veg 一样有安静休息的意思,只是c h ill比 veg更多一层意思,就 是 chill也能指抑制情绪激动下句中说话的男孩儿正努力控制自己的情绪,以便头脑清醒地考虑问题 请特别注意里面用到的chill这个词例如:Oh, no! Mom's going to be so mad that we broke the window, andwe'll be in deep trouble. We've got to chill and think about what storywe can tell her, so she won't get too angry.啊,糟了! 妈妈看到我们打破玻璃会大发脾气,那我们就得倒霉我们一定要冷静下来好好想一想,可以编出一套什么话来跟她说,让她别那么生气Chill也可以用来指纯粹放松休息 特别注意下面这个小伙子的话里用到的chill跟刚才那个例子里的chill有什么不同。
例如: We didn't do much yesterday. Tim came over to my house, and wepretty much chilled there all day. We watched TV, played a few videogames, and had some snacks-nothing special.我们昨天没做什么,Tim 来我家,我们整天就在家里闲待着,我们看了会儿电视,再玩儿了几盘电子游戏,然后吃了点儿点心,没什么特别的活动。












