新公共管理英语论文翻译.docx

New Public Management : Contemporary Western trend of the new public administrationFrom the start of the 1970s, the West has dominated the field of public administration nearly a century. and was regarded to be effective, even the best traditional or mainstream public administration, subjected to a new external environment increasingly tough challenges, and the almost routine, rigid-tier system can not meet the increasingly rapid changes in information and knowledge-intensive society and economic life, build on its two major theoretical basis -- Goodnow Wilson and the political-administrative theory and the two-layer management Huibaike no theory Law answered and solved the government faces an increasingly serious problems and difficulties : the financial crisis, the social welfare policy unsustainable, government agencies increasingly bloated, inefficient, the public lost confidence in the government's ability, "government failure" theory has begun to dominate. It is in this historical backdrop, a new public administration theory, Management -- New Public Management (NewPublic Management) in the 1980s, the Anglo-American two crops, and the rapid expansion of the Western countries. And the number of traditional public administration within the framework of the changes, Public management is not new to the existing administrative structure and ways of some degree of partial adjustment or simply to lower administrative costs and reduce administrative expenses, but more importantly, it is the traditional model of public administration of a comprehensive settlement and denied. 1. The new public management theory If the traditional public administration to Wilson. Goodnow political- administrative theory and the two-Weber-tier system on the support of their theory, new public while management of modern economics and private enterprise management theory and methods as its theoretical basis. First, the new public management from modern economics has many theoretical basis, From the "rational" (the rational is for their own interests. want to pay the smallest gain maximum benefits) of the premise is the basis for performance management; from the public choice theory and transaction cost which the government should be market-oriented or customers, improve the efficiency of services, the quality and effectiveness of the basis; from the cost-effectiveness analysis was to define the performance goals, Measurement and evaluation, and so on the basis. Secondly, the new public management from the private management methods to absorb nutrients. The new public administration that many private sector management methods and means available to the public sector borrowing. Such as the private sector, the organizational form of flexibility in adapting to the environment, and not Weber said the rigid hierarchy; outputs and outcomes of the high degree of importance (for the private sector, output means profits in a highly competitive market environment, we must make profits to provide customers with high-quality service, Meanwhile, as far as possible to reduce costs), rather than just input and output weight; personnel management to achieve a flexible system of employment contracts and performance pay system, rather than by hiring a permanent office, and so on. In short, the new public management, and is already by the private sector to successfully used management methods, If performance management, goal management, organizational development, human resources development is not unique to the private sector. They can be used in public sector management. 2. The new public administration of the basic features New Public Management is a very loose concept, it refers to an attempt to replace the traditional public administration management theory, Also referred to a new model of public administration, also refers to the contemporary Western ongoing public administration reform movement. Its name in western countries is not necessarily the same as in the United Kingdom called "management", in the United States known as the "entrepreneurial government" or "new public management" In some other countries, also known as the "market-oriented public administration," and so on, but they have broadly similar features. Firstly, the new public management to change the traditional model of public government and the relationship between society, reopened to the functions of the government and with the community relations position : that the government is no longer superior, "self-service" bureaucracy, government officials should be responsible "corporate managers and managers" the public is to provide the government's tax revenue "taxpayers" and access to government services in return for the "clients" or "customers" government services should be customer-oriented and should enhance the public's need to respond to force. In recent years, Britain, Germany, the Netherlands and other government services to simplify the procedur。