【朗阁托福培训】新托福作文的词汇选择法.pdf

朗阁托福培训】 新托福作文的词汇选择法 朗阁托福培训中心汤伟 在作文评语当中，老师和考官也往往只用 “appropriate ”一词来概括什么样的词汇是 “ appropriate的？笔者个人觉得极难说清楚，有些写作教程会用 适合作者写作意图”又 或 与所表达的内容自然地融为一体 ”来表述，但何谓 适合”和自然”却没有进一步说明； 另一方面，什么样的词汇是 “ in appropriate "的，通过教学实践，笔者却可以说出好几种： 1. 口语化语言或俚语 口语和书面语显然是有比较大的区别的：前者较随意，后者较正式；前者可以在语法层面 犯些不影响理解的错误，后者必须按照语法规则书写；前者有时受发音规则影响，后者则 不考虑音节因素由于这些区别，口语化的语言是不适合出现在规范写作中的 俚语也是一样，作为另一种较口语的语句，是民众在日常生活中总结出来的通俗易懂又顺 口的表达特点是地域性强，较生活化但总体说来，俚语是一种非正式的语言，通常也 只能在非正式的场合使用例如： 【例 1 】 The environmen tai problem is cake . 修改： Should he study hard, the final exam is not to become a problem. 【例 3 】 Since democracy has bee n ack no wledged by the world, it is of stra nge to see some politicia ns 修改： Si nee democracy has bee n ack no wledged by the world, it is a little strange to see some politicians threaten the authority. 2•行话 pretty serious today. 修改: The environmen tai problem is extremely serious today. 【例2】 Should he study hard, the final exam is to become a piece of sort lean on the authority. 同学们经常犯错的另一个极端是行话。

所谓行话，指的是某一特定的社会群体，由于工作 上、活动上或其他目的上的共同性，在相互之间交往交流时，会创造、使用一些不同于其 他社会群体的词汇、用语或符号比如早期的军事部门，再比如现在的通信行业我这里 所说的行话并没有那么偏远，指的更多的是学生在写作学习中经常背诵一些 较难”的同义 词，却没有仔细辨析这些同义词含义的区别殊不知，很可能使用的就是只有英语国家的 政府单位、商业公司、学术机构、甚至军队才会用的一些表达当然，并不是绝对不能用 这些词汇，除非不用这些专业用语就无法表达其准确含义举一些使用行话不恰当的例子： improvi ng/cha nging the livi ng con diti ons in poor/less-developed areas. without thinking critically can actually arrange his life properly. 【例4】 The new gen erati on is believed to comme nee their age by 修改: ameliorat ing the liv ing con diti ons in econo mically deprived areas. The new gen erati on is believed to start/create their age by 【例5】 It is hard to believe that students perusing books all the time without thinking critically can actually carry out viable life goals. 修改: It is hard to believe that students reading books all the time 【例6】 Whe n they ni ght came, they went out for a perambulati on , but 修改: soon eno ugh, they uniden tified object Whe n they night shrank back in discomfort ,surmis ing that an tried to came, murder them. they went out for a walk, but soon discomfort , dreadi ng somebody in the dark who tried to kill them. 3.过于’华丽”或’矫揉造作”的词藻 这一般是水平较高的学生为了取得 25分以上的分数，想创造一些个性化语言时所犯的错 误。

这样的情况在教学过程中见到的不在少数有些语言读来让笔者看到眼前一亮，但更 多的情况是不但没有给笔者留下深刻的印象，反而使笔者感到华而不实有些甚至是晦涩 难懂的，读来令人非常吃力盗用一句名言就是 A misco nception freque ntly held by no vice writers is that word choice mirrors thought: the more impe netrable the word, the more in volv ed the ideas. 以下也举几个例子： eno ugh, they retur ned in 【例7】 Unfortunately, the TV station in some countries does not have an appropriate classificati on of adult en terta inment , so childre n may have access to those un healthy programs. 修改： Unfortunately, the TV station in some countries does not have an appropriate classification of pornography, so children may have access to those un healthy programs. 【例8】 One feasible soluti on is that the in dustry should be stopped and those who have more tha n eno ugh cars should sell their preow ned automobiles . 修改： One feasible soluti on is that the in dustry should be stopped and those who have more tha n eno ugh cars should sell their used cars. 【例9】 I do believe that no country would refuse such reve nue enhancers 修改： I do believe that no country would refuse such taxes. 以上三种是托福写作教学过程中学生经常犯的在词汇选择方面的错误。

其实这三个方面还 可以继续展开论述（比如行话会涉及的行业用语，日常生活中的口语分类及委婉语的概念 说明），且还有其他的词汇选择方面也需要注意（比如歧视用语等），但由于篇幅所限， 只对以上这三类做简要说明 （本文来自朗阁教育 托福培训考试教研组，供广大考生学习使用，转载请注明出处） 。