经济学专业术语中英文对照.doc

经济学专业术语(中英文对照)经济学专业术语(中英文对照)目录I. 经济学原理(2)2•像经济学家一样思考(2)3. 相互依存性与贸易的好处(3)4•供给与需求的市场力量(3)5. 弹性及其应用(4)6•供给需求与政策(4)7. 消费者、生产者与市场效率(4)8. 赋税的应用(4)9. 国际贸易(5)10. 外部性(5)II. 公共物品和公共资源(5)12. 税制设计(5)13. 生产成本(6)14. 竞争市场上的企业(7)15. 垄断(7)16. 垄断竞争(7)17. 寡头(7)18. 生产要素市场(8)19. 收入与歧视(8)20. 收入不平等与贫困(8)21. 消费者选择理论(9)22. 微观经济学前沿(9)23. 一国收入的衡量(10)24. 生活费用的衡量(10)25. 生产与增长(10)26. 储蓄、投资和金融体系(11)27. 金融学的基本工具(11)28. 失业(12)29. 货币制度(12)30. 货币增长与通货膨胀(13)31. 开放经济的宏观经济学(14)32. 开放经济的宏观经济理论(14)33. 总需求与总供给(14)34. 货币政策和财政政策对总需求影响(15)35. 通胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍(15)1.经济学原理经济:(economy)稀缺性:(scarcity)经济学［(economics)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)机会成本:(opporyunitycost)理性人:(rationalpeople)边际变动:(marginalchange)边际收益:(marginalbenefit)边际成本:(marginalcost)激励:(incentive)市场经济:(marketeconomy)产权:(propertyrights)市场失灵：(marketfailure)外部性:(externality)市场势力:(marketpower)生产率［(productivity)通货膨胀:(inflation)经济周期:(businesscycle)2像经济学家一样思考循环流量图:(circular-flowdiagram)生产可能性边界^productionpossibilities)微观经济学^microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)实证表述:(positivestatements)规范表述:(normativestatements)有序数对:(orderedpair)3. 相互依存性与贸易的好处绝对优势:(absoluteadvantage)机会成本:(apportunitycost)比较优势:(comparativeadvantage)进口品:(imports)出口品:(exports)4. 供给与需求的市场力量市场:(market)竞争市场［(competitivemarket)需求量:(quantitydemand)需求定理:(lawofdemand)需求表:(demandschedule)需求曲线:(demandcurve)正常物品:(normalgood)低档物品:(inferiorgood)替代品［(substitutes)互补品［(complements)供给量:(quantitysupplied)供给定理:(lawofsupply)供给表:(supplyschedule)供给曲线:(supplycurve)均衡［(equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibriumprice)均衡数量［(equilibriumquantity)过剩:(surplus)短缺:(shortage)供求定理:(lawofsupplyanddemand)5•弹性及其应用弹性［(elasticity)需求价格弹性:(priceelasticityofdemand)总收益:(totalrevenue)需求收入弹性:(incomeelasticity)需求的交叉价格弹性:(cross-priceelasticity)供给价格弹性:(priceelasticityofsupply)6. 供给需求与政策价格上限:(priceceiling)价格下限:(pricefloor)税收归宿：(taxincidence)7. 消费者、生产者与市场效率福利经济学:(welfareeconomics)支付意愿:(willingnesstopay)消费者剩余［(consumersurplus)成本:(cost)生产者剩余［(producersurplus)效率:(efficiency)平等:(equality)8•赋税的应用无谓损失［(deadweightloss)9•国际贸易世界价格:(worldprice)关税:(tariff)10.外部性外部性:(externality)外部性内在化:(internalizingtheexternality)矫正税［(correctivetaxes)科斯定理:(coasetheorem)交易成本［(transactioncost)11.公共物品和公共资源排他性:(excludability)消费中的竞争性:(rivalryinconsumption)私人物品:(privategoods)公共物品:(publicgoods)公共资源:(commonresources)俱乐部物品：(clubgoods)搭便车者:(freerider)成本-收益分析:(cost-benefitanalysis)公地悲剧:(tragedyofcommons)12.税制设计纳税义务：(taxlianility)预算赤字：(budgetdefict)预算盈余:(budgetsurplus)平均税率:(averagetaxrate)边际税率:(marginaltaxrate)定额税:(lump-sumtax)受益原则:(benefitsprinciple)支付能力原则:(ability-to-payprinciple)纵向平等:(verticalequity)横向平等［(horizontalequity)比例税:(proportionaltax)累退税^regressivetax)累进税［(progressivetax)13.生产成本总收益:(totalrevenue)总成本:(totalcost)利润:(profit)显性成本:(explicitcosts)隐性成本:(implicitcosts)经济利润:(economicprofit)会计利润:(countingprofit)生产函数:(productionfunction)边际产量:(marginalproduct)边际产量递减［(diminishingmarginalproduct)固定成本:(fixedcosts)可变成本:(variablecosts)平均总成本:(averagetotalcost)平均固定成本:(averagefixedcosts)平均可变成本:(averagevariablecosts)边际成本:(marginalcost)有效规模［(efficientscale)规模经济［(economiesofscale)规模不经济［(diseconomiesofscale)规模收益不变:(constantreturnstoscale)14竞争市场上的企业竞争市场［(competitivemarket)平均收益:(averagerevenue)边际收益:(marginalrevenue)沉没成本:(sunkrevenue)15.垄断垄断企业:(monopoly)自然垄断:(naturalmonopoly)价格歧视:(pricediscrimination)16.垄断竞争寡头［(oligopoly)垄断竞争［(monopolisticcompetition)17.寡头博弈论:(gametheory)勾结:(collusion)卡特尔:(cartel)纳什均衡:(Nashequilibrium)囚徒困境［(prisoners'dilemma)占优策略［(dominantstrategy)18. 生产要素市场生产要素:(factorsofproduction)生产函数［(productionfunction)劳动的边际产量:(marginalproductoflabor边际产量递减［(diminishingmarginalproduct)边际产量值:(valueofthemarginalproduct)资本:(capital)19. 收入与歧视补偿性工资差另U:(compensatingdifferential)人力资本:(humancapital)工会:(union)罢工:(strike)效率工资［(efficiency)歧视［(discrimination)20. 收入不平等与贫困贫困率:(povertyrate)贫困率:(povertyline)实物转移支付:(in-kindtransfers)生命周期:(lifecycle)持久收入［(permanentincome)功利主义:(utilitariansm)效用:(utilitariansm)自由主义:(liberalism)最大最小准则:(maximincriterion)负所得税:(negativeincometax)福利:(welfare)社会保险:(socialinsurance)自由至上主义:(libertarianism)21.消费者选择理论预算约束线:(budgetconstraint)无差异曲线:(indiffernncecurve)边际替代率:(marginalrateofsubtitution)完全替代品:(perfectsubstitudes)完全互补品:(perfectcomplements)正常物品:(normalgood)低档物品:(inferiorgood)收入效应:(incomeeffect)替代效应［(substitutioneffect)吉芬物品:(Giffengood)22. 微观经济学前沿道德风险:(moralhazard)代理人:(agent)委托人［(principal)逆向选择:(adverseselection)发信号［(signaling)筛选［(screening)政治经济学［(politicaleconomy)康多塞悖论:(condorcetparadox)阿罗不可能性定理:(Arrow'simpossibility)中值选民定理:(medianvatertheorem)行为经济学:(behavioraleconomics)23. —国收入的衡量微观经济学［(microeconomics)宏观经济学［(macroeconomics)国内生产总值:(grossdomesticproduct,GDP)消费［(consumption)投资:(investment)政府购买［(governmentpurchase)净出口:(netexport)名义GDP:(nominalGDP)真实GDP:(real。