英语教学论3演示文稿.ppt

English teaching methodology英语教学论,主讲教师：狄强羽 Teacher: Di qiangyu,,Part 3 the approaches of foreign language teaching外语教学法流派,Main contents: 1.grammar translation method翻译法 2. direct method直接法 3. audio-lingual approach听说法 4. audio-visual approach视听法 5. cognitive approach 认知法 6. functional approach功能法/功能意念法/ 交际法 ( 沉默法/ 全身互动法/暗示法) 7.task-based approach任务型教学法 8.Natural approach,,Main aspects:1.concepts概念 2.backgrond历史背景 3.theory base理论基础4. teaching principles 教学基本原则 5.teaching procedures教学过程 6. typical textbooks典型教材7. evaluation 评价,Chapter one grammar translation method翻译法,A. the concept and background of grammar translation method翻译法的概念及其产生的背景1. concept概念: 翻译法是用母语来教授外语的一种语言教学方法。

法国语言学家Louis Marchand：Grammar translation method is to use your native language to teach a foreign language.翻译教授法就是拿本国语言去译解外国语言2. background产生的背景 十八世纪前欧洲主要是拉丁语，十八世纪和十九世纪英语兴起，学校开设英语和法语，成为现代语言课程，但教学方法主要是沿用了拉丁和希腊语的翻译教学法翻译法有自身的发展过程，命名的立脚点不同，有各种不同的名称 语法法GRAMMAR METHOD, 语法翻译法 GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD, 传统法TRADITIONAL METHOD , 古典法 CLASSICAL METHOD,,B. Basic theory---mechanic linguistics机械语言学：人类的语言是源于同一种语言人类的语言和思维是相通的，有共同的思维规律，各种语言的语法也基本是相通的，词所表达的意义概念也是相通的，词汇的差别只是音形不同而已C. the development of grammar translation method 1. grammar translation method语法翻译法 学习外语的首要任务是学习语法。

1、阅读量小详细分析翻译课文2、学生写作的主要目的是掌握翻译规律3、不重视发音4、教学不用外语5、事先学习语法规则6、翻译的目的是学习语法2.vocabulary translation method词汇翻译法 主张要对篇章的内容进行语意分析和翻译，母语和外语要进行对比反对只学习语法,通过对课文的阅读和翻译掌握词汇和语法课文教学是外语教学的中心环节3. comparison translation method翻译比较法 观察分析、综合、归纳、演绎母语和外语要进行系统的比较5. modern grammar translation method近代翻译法， 教学原则（二十世纪中期） (1) 语音、词汇、语法相结合 (2) 阅读领先、重点培养阅读和翻译能力，兼听、说能力 (3) 以语法为主，在语法理论的指导下读译课文 (4) 依靠母语把翻译当成教学手段，也当成教学目的D.教学过程：1、译述大意2、进行语言分析并进行翻译3、切合原意的翻译4、直接阅读、直接理解解The teaching principles of grammar translation method,1.Instruction is given in the native language of the students 2.There is little use of the target language 3.Focus is on grammatical parsing 4.There is early reading of difficult texts 5.A typical exercise is to translate sentences,Chapter two Direct Method直接法,A. concept 直接法是教授外语，首先是现代外语的一种方法，它是通过外语本身进行会庆，交谈和、阅读来教外语，不用学生的母语，不用翻译，不用形式语法。

B. the background 直接法的背景十九世纪下半叶，资本主义有了进一步的发展，资本的产生和发展也形成另一种国际现象，一是要普及，二是要口语化1.任何语言都不存在一对一的关系 2.掌握外语的根本标志是学生直接掌握口语，不需要“心译” 3.语言是一种技巧，需要重复练习和模仿 4.语言是一种技艺 5.句子是交际的最小单位 6.先有口语，后有文字 7.口语是有声的语言 8.用外语教外语有记忆心理学的依据 ①复习 ②联想 ③多种感官,C. the theory base of direct methods 直接法的理论基础,,1.No use of mother tongue is permitted 2.Lessons begin with dialogue and anecdotes in modern conversational style 3.Actions and picture are used to make meaning clear 4.Grammar is learned inductively,,5.Literary texts are read for pleasure and not analyzed grammatically 6.The target culture is taught inductively 7. The teacher must be a native speaker or have native-like proficiency,C.the teaching principles直接法的原则1. No use of mother tongue is permitted直接联系2.sentence is the basic unit to teach a foreign language句本位3.mimicry is essential 以模仿为主,,4. Grammar is learned inductively 归纳途径教语法规则5.Speaking is the most important以口语为基础6.Teaching materials should be in modern language以现代语言为基本教材,四 代表人物 ①V.W. Victor 德国 ②M Berlitz 贝力子 德国 ③H E Palme 帕默 英国 ④F. Gouin古安 法国 ⑤M. Wezt 英国,H. E. Palmer’s linguistic ideas,1. language is a kind of habit语言是一种习惯 2. learning a language is to learn a kind of art 学习语言是学习一种技艺 3. learning a language needs tow kinds of abilities, learning and acquisition 全面掌握语言需要两种能力,学习和习得,,4. learning method is also a kind of habit语言是一种习惯，方法也是习惯5. learning methods are for the learning purposes学习方法是为学习目的服务6. Sometimes, native language and translation are useful母语和翻译有时也是有益的,Palmer’s nine teaching suggestions,1.natural ability of learning language初步的准备工作，自然学会语言的能力 2.habit forming养成习惯 3. Accuracy 准确 4. graduation循序渐进 5 . proportion按比例 6. concreteness具体性 7. interests趣味性 8. reasonable teaching procedures 教学顺序合理化 9. varieties of teaching methods多种教学方法,Chapter three Audio-lingual Approach (oral Approach , structural approach),A. the background of Audio-lingual approach听说法产生的背景二战爆发后，特别是珍珠港事件后美国全面参战，军队需要大量的外语人才派往世界各地。

B. the theoretical base of Audio-lingual Approach听说法的理论基础,,1.linguistcs : structural linguistics 结构主义语言学 L .Bloomfield (Language) C.C. Frice ( the structure of English, On oral Approach), E. Nida， G.L .Trager (Outline of Linguistic analyses), 2. psychology: Behavioral psychology行为主义心理学， J . B Watson S---R理论 ，B. f. Skinner 的新行为主义心理学，s---r----c,,Nida was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on November 11, 1914. He became a Christian at a young age, when he responded to the altar call at his church “to accept Christ as my Saviour.”[1] He graduated from the University of California in 1936. After graduating he attended Camp Wycliffe, where Bible translation theory was taught. Sometime in this period, Nida became a founding charter member of Wycliffe Bible Translators, a sister organization of the Summer Institute of Linguistics.,,In 1937, Nida undertook studies at the University of Southern California, where he obtained a Master’s Degree in New Testament Greek in 1939. In 1943 Nida received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from the University of Michigan, he was ordained as a Baptist minister, and he married Althea Lucille Sprague. The couple remained married until Althea Sprague Nida's death in 1993. In 1997, Nida married Dr. Elena Fernandez, a translator and interpreter. Nida retired in the early 1980s and currently lives in Brussels, Belgium.,。