Issue论证思路笔记(例.doc

Issue 论证思路1. ComparisonE.g., A , 227A: existing social problems (+)The solving of some existing problems is urgent and critical It takes decades to raise a tree, centuries a man.E.g.: Unemployment , CPI ,The GLOBAL Financial Crisis of late 2008:stock market orashes and bank bailots(-) overemphasis of some existing problems could cause harmful effectsE.g.: real estate Economic Reform of ChinaB: long term research(+)The investment for long term research is of great importance for the development of a society in the long run(REASON: importance/necessity) E.g.: Education,Sustainable development,Environmental protection,Infrastructure construction ( e.g. : transportation, energy, national defense)(-)The consequences of some research are controversial/unclear.(domain/effect) e.g.: Cloning, genetic engineering Moral& ethics 2. Reasoning标志： Because (of), since , for, : , ; , Thus ,hence , theE.g.: A , 101, 222(+)The extinction of some species has nothing to do with human activities.(domain) The protection of some species is beyond human capabiity(feasibility) E.g. : dinosaursSome urgent problems of human society have higher priority than to save ecdangered species.(reason, importance) e.g. : unemployment , financial crisis, poverty , famine , disease , etc.(-)Some extinctions are caused by human activities , directly or indirectly.(reason,benefit) Direct : hunting e.g. : dodo 质疑推理关系： Although some species will become naturally extinct, human society still has the responsibility to save those species. (reason , necessity) e.g. : Genesis 1:28 panda, koala bear 题目观点的不良后果: Some species possess great value to human race ,some of which are not realized by human yet(importance/ effect) co-exist E.g: rubber tree – latexP1: no relation feasibilityBut P2 : relation responsibility effects作文时可能遇到的问题1.ARTS（painting, mus, lit）老龄化 government ------reason , importance , benefits Veteran necessasity Funding, sufficienty , family 观点 claim E.g. : B ,232 Accurate understanding of “information”(definition / category) Benefits: National security/ To defend the leader’s authority Necessity: To avoid unnecessary disturbance or panic (-)题目观点导致的不良后果 ( to public / society) Extreme informationextreme powercorruption, autarchy ( to leader/government) May raise public distrust of government/ leader (-)观点的前提 The settlement of some accidents requires instant information-publication (condition/importance) E.g. : B ,40 (-)reasons Importance/necessity In this era of information explosion, interviewing representative individuals is an important way, and maybe the only feasible way , to find out the views of a group. Benefits: Political and economical (-)观点本身的问题： Since every one could have more than one identification, it is unreasonable to expect any individual to speak for any single particular group (-)质疑推理过程 Individual opinion could seldom truly represent the view of an entire group.E.g. : B ,69 (+)Special social and historical circumstance and demands are fundamental condition for the creation of a great leader. e.g. : George Washington slave owner economical: taxation political: land property The War of Independence The American Revolution Abraham Lincoln Economical: industrialization Political: The Abolition of Slavery Franklin Roosevelt Economical: the Depression and the New Deal Political: the WW II (-)Other solutions For a leader to be successful, many other essential characteristics are needed Knowledge: broad vision great target Justice Courage, broad-mindedness, organization skills E.g. : B,188,77,103 e.g. : The Cultural revolution of China Islamic countries E.g. : B 73,136,142,116 e.g. ; Choice is an illusion created between those with power and those without. ------The Matrix Reloaded Individual responsibility: Material , Spiritual , Intellectual The definition of “choice”: Absolute choice ( = absolute freedom)does not exist at all Although inherent condition – one’s physical condition ,family(rich or poor), nationality, etc—cannot be chosen , many other aspects ( thoughts ,wisdom, values) could be acquired. The choices one makes determine his destiny. “No one could force you to do things that you should not do.” ----Maximus ,Gladiator NapoleonC,68 Tool age:laborvforce Machine age:Engine,electric power,nuclear powerFamily patterns: Extended family Nuclear family Single family/divorced family DINK double income no kids Ethic: Custom:festivals Christmas Thanks Giving Day Saint Valentine’s DayC,129(+)Benefits of eco-tourism: Raising fund for environmental protection Publication: Fujisan (。