分词、独立结构、状语中省略比较【优选课堂】.ppt

NO.215When he is asking the teacher, he is polite.When asking the teacher, he is polite.连词＋＋现在分在分词§在含有状语从句的复合句中若从句的主句是若从句的主句是it或与主句或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主时，常省略从句的主语和语和be When he was asked by the teacher, he answered politely.When asked by the teacher, he answered politely.连词＋＋过去分去分词状语从句和状语从句中的省略状语从句和状语从句中的省略While he was on a visit to New York, he came across JohnWhile on a visit to New York, he came across John.连词＋介＋介词When he was yet a child, he could writ poems.When yet a child, he could writ poems.连词＋名＋名词连词＋＋现在分在分词过去分去分词介介词短短语名名词＋主句＋主句When asking the teacher, he is polite.When asked by the teacher, he answered politely.While on a visit to New York, he came across John.When yet a child, he could writ poems.1._____________________ (在北京的时候在北京的时候), I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. 2.______________________(当是个年轻人的时候当是个年轻人的时候), Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 3._____________(除非修理除非修理), the machine is of no use. When/While in BeijingWhen/As a young manUnless repaired3. He has no money. ______ (要是有的话要是有的话), he will give us. If any2.2.当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词是当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词是非非bebe动词，从句可以省略主语，从句的谓语动词采动词，从句可以省略主语，从句的谓语动词采用其用其V-ingV-ing结构。

例如：结构例如：§Although he worked very hard , he failed in the final exam. §Although working very hard, he failed in the final exam. §After she took the medicine , she felt much better. §After taking the medicine, she felt much better. 1.分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间，原因，条分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，方式和伴随情况在表示件，让步，方式和伴随情况在表示时间，原因，条时间，原因，条件，让步件，让步时，通常可以转换为相应的状语从句；表示时，通常可以转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式和伴随情况方式和伴随情况时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分时，可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分例如：例如：时间，原因，条件，，原因，条件，让步步相相应的状的状语从句从句方式和伴随情况方式和伴随情况并列的并列的谓语成分成分1. Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.（现在分词作（现在分词作时间时间状语）状语）When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.2. Heated, ice will be changed into water.（过去分词作（过去分词作条条件、时间件、时间状语）状语）When the students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up.在表示在表示时间，原因，条件，，原因，条件，让步步时，，通常可以通常可以转换为相相应的状的状语从句从句3. Being excited，， I couldn’t go to sleep .（现在分词作（现在分词作原因原因状语）状语）As I was excised ，，I couldn’t go to sleep.4. Working very hard，， he didn’t feel a bit tired .（现在（现在分词作分词作让步让步状语）状语）Though he worked very hard，， he didn’t feel a bit tired .在表示在表示时间，原因，条件，，原因，条件，让步步时，，通常可以通常可以转换为相相应的状的状语从句从句5. The children went away laughing .（现在分词作行（现在分词作行为为方式方式状语）状语）The children went away laughing. They laughed asThey went。

6. I stood there, listening to the broadcast.（现在分词（现在分词作作伴随伴随状语）状语）I stood there and listened to the broadcast表示表示方式和伴随情况方式和伴随情况时，可以，可以转换为一个并列的一个并列的谓语成分分词作状语分词作状语2.分词作状语时前面可用连词分词作状语时前面可用连词 若分词的逻辑主语与主句主语相同时，且所表示的若分词的逻辑主语与主句主语相同时，且所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生同时发生，那么分词结，那么分词结构前面可放上构前面可放上适当的连词适当的连词引导eg.While walking along the street early in the morning, he saw her.Unless (being) rich, I am not going abroad.除非有除非有钱，否，否则我是不会出国的我是不会出国的When he is asking the teacher, he is polite.When asking the teacher, he is polite.asking the teacher, he is polite.Learning some simple Chinese, the girl was able to communicate with us.After learning some simple Chinese, the girl was able to communicate with us.After she learned some simple Chinese, the girl was able to communicate with us.分分词A. A. 现在分词现在分词B. B. 过去分词过去分词2.分词作状语与主句的关系分词作状语与主句的关系A. 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致，即句子的主语就是动词保持一致，即句子的主语就是动词-ing的动作执行者，的动作执行者，即句子主语与动词－即句子主语与动词－ing的动作构成主动关系。

的动作构成主动关系注：如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示注：如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，分词要用完成式的动作之前，分词要用完成式eg.Travelling by car, we visited many places.我我们乘乘车游游览了了许多地方Having finished his homework, he went to bed.写完作写完作业，他就上床睡，他就上床睡觉了2.分词作状语与主句的关系分词作状语与主句的关系B. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语也必须与时，要特别注意其逻辑主语也必须与句子的主语保持一致但过去分词表示的动作是句子句子的主语保持一致但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作他们之间的关系是被动关系主语承受的动作他们之间的关系是被动关系注：如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示注：如果现在分词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，分词要用完成式的动作之前，分词要用完成式eg.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.Seen from the top of the tower, the river looks like a snake.分分词作状作状语时要特要特别注意其注意其逻辑主主语和主句的主和主句的主语一一致，否致，否则分分词必必须有自己独立的主有自己独立的主语、、这种种带主主语的的分分词结构称作分构称作分词的独立的独立结构，或独立主格。

构，或独立主格The last train having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班最后一班车开走了，我开走了，我们只好步行回家只好步行回家Weather permitting, we’ll play football.天气也天气也许的的话，我，我们将将举行足球行足球赛注：注：区区别分分词作状作状语与独立主格主要是看状与独立主格主要是看状语部分是否有自己部分是否有自己独立的主独立的主语，， 如果有独立的主如果有独立的主语就是独立主格，否就是独立主格，否则就是就是分分词作状作状语When he is asking the teacher, he is polite.When asking the teacher, he is polite.asking the teacher, he is polite.The last train having gone, we had to walk home.最后一班最后一班车开走了，我开走了，我们只好步行回家只好步行回家Weather permitting, we’ll play football.天气也天气也许的的话，我，我们将将举行足球行足球赛。