英语情态动词的用法.docx

情态动词定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示 说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等情态动词后面加动词原形分类：情态动词有四类：① 只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to② 可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare只有在疑问句和否定句中可做情态动词③ 可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)④ 具有情态动词特征：have(had) to,used to位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词(时表词do, have, be)，则在助动 词之前，疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前I can see you. Come here.我能看见你，过来吧cHe must have been away. 他一定走了What can I do for you?我能帮你吗？How dare you treat us like that !你怎能那样对待我们！特点：情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。

个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性 不强，可用于过去，现在或将来情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态情态动词没有非谓语形 式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式He could be here soon. 他很快就来We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子I'm sorry I can't help you. 对不起，我帮不上你情态动词用法例句may/might表示允许、请求否定回答一般用must not/mustn't,表示“禁止、阻止”之意,但也 可以用had better not （最好别）或may not （不 可以），语气较为委婉1 . May I come in and wait?2 . May I smoke here? No, you musin'K或 No, you'd better not.)在表示请求、允许时，might比may语气更委 婉些而不是过去式，用May I征询对方许 可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气， 在日常用语中，用CanI征询对方意见更为常 见否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可以，禁止 或者肯定回答可以用yes,please. / Certainly.1 .Might I borrow your pen?2.1 wonder if I might speak to your son.3 . Might/ May I smoke in this room?4 . ——No, you musln,l.5 . 4. May/Might I take this book out of the room? ----Yes, you can. (No, you can't / mustn't.) \You may drive the car.—Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't.表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定 句中，含有“或许”“大概可能”之意； 用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯1 . It may rain this afternoon.2 . She might come to join us this afternoon.3 . I suppose he might have missed the train.定。

4.He may /might be very busy now.5 . Your mother may /might not know the truth.may用于祈使句表示祝愿1 . May you succeed. o2 . May you have many more days as happy as thisone.3 . May she rest in peace.愿她安息惯用句式：“n】aywell+动词原形”，意为“完全能，很 可能",相当于 to be very likely to"may as well 或 might（just）as well+ 动词原 形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如，不妨”二 相当于"had better 或 there is no reason to do anything else.1 . It may well change forever the way you look atGreek art.2 . There may well he a real problem here.3 . There is nothing to do, so I may as well go tobed.4 . You may as well tell us now. we'll find outsooner or later.5 . I suppose we might as well go home.6 . And if you have to plough the field anyway,you might as well plant it at the same time.7.If that is the case, we may as well try.might间接引语中指过去。

表可以1. He told me that I might smoke in the room.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟动 态情词用法例句特别说明： would可用& girl.”另外，wouk 我和现在的5情态动词的隹'蛔“必须显（应该辨析定”之意，语气比should, 磷斥遂瘢厦富ng沛能表示过瞄在 不应该，禁止”等意.强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的 时比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示法 101 . You must come to school on time."成和v断版我俯而能说y th^ikiwould be a quiet3 . You mustn't drive so fast in the street.:MW,啊现ife设联系知而in皿Rime则着眼于过 ' V5)uld I血奴t表雨不规则曲旧演ay used to则不可6 . Must I return the book tomorrow?7 . 7.The play is not interesting. I really must gonow.在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常用1 . —Must I come back before ten?如: He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.I used to get up a( six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.六.need 和 dare情态动词用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意。

做情态动词 时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，(在肯定句中 —般用 must, have to, ought to, should 代替 )只有现在时，1 . —Need we leave soon?—Yes. you must.(No. you needn't)You needn't come so early.2. -…Need I finish the work today?-…Yes, you must. / No, you needn't.3. -Need I come? - Yes, you must.我需要来吗？- 需要4You needn't telephone him now.你现在不必打 给他5.1 don't think you need worry.我想你不必发愁6.She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢一个 人出去7.How dare you say I'm unfair?你竟敢说我不公 平？Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提 这件事做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相 同，有人称、时态和数的变化，后接带to 的不定式或者名词o ,过去式用needed、did you need?和 didn't need,肯定式用 needs/needed/need,疑问式用 do、does、did 提问，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't(need doing = need to be done )表被动1. A job like nursing needs patience and undcrstanding.(nccd+ 名词， needunderstanding=need to be understood,需要被理 解)2 . He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)3 . Do you still need volunteers to help clean up afterthe party?(nccd somebody to do something)4 . They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do)5. You don't need to do it yourself.你不必亲自做这 件事。

6. We need to tell them the news.我们需要把这消息 告诉他们7. The table needs painting (to be painted.).桌子需要 油漆一下8. We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢 于提出自己的观点9. He did not dare (to) kx)k up.他不敢抬头看1()..I dare day he'll come again.我想他会再来的dare用于表示“敢于”之意做情态动词，没有 人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句1 . —Dare you tell her the truth?—Yes. I dare. /No, I daren't.情态动 联动词的月用法F法 11例句ought to表示“应该,之意1 . You ought to take care of him.2 . 一Ought I go now?—Yes, you ought to. /No. you oughtn't to.情态动词用法例句need用于表示“需要，必要”之意做情态动词 时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，(在肯定句中 —般用 must, have to. ought to, s。