美国联邦法院_斯普林菲尔德_马萨诸塞州_美国.pdf

68 世界建筑 2011/08美国联邦法院，斯普林菲尔德，马萨诸塞州，美国UNITED STATES FEDERAL COURTHOUSE, SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, USA, 2008建筑设计：萨夫迪建筑师事务所ARCHITECTS: Safdie Architects11 夜景/Night view 69张雷材料意志 /ZHANG LEI MATERIAL VOLITION准则，秩序与复杂性：摩西·萨夫迪/ETHICS, ORDER AND COMPLEXITY: MOSHE SAFDIE位于斯普林菲尔德的联邦法院坐落在国家大道上，紧邻天主教主教大教堂、博物馆院落和斯普林菲尔德公共图书馆在这个历史悠久的城市公共街区中，联邦法院实现了一种连续性的统一法院包含3个法庭（第4个为扩建），形成了一道螺旋形弧线并围绕着两棵遗存的古树——一棵是紫叶欧洲山毛榉，一棵是椴树，这两棵树的树龄在200年－500年之间据说，乔治·华盛顿可能曾经把他的马拴在其中的一棵上，因为那时美国第一军械库正好在国家大道的这个位置柱廊的入口大厅正对着来自市区方向的视觉轴线，并延伸至一段弧形的柱廊，其中包含了人行走道和一段大楼梯。

楼梯升起到建筑的1/3处，就是设置法庭和法官内庭的主要公共层一条弧形的走廊沿着柱廊和树木展开——从这里可以看到南面和市区的景观，同时还配有一个公共休息区——并直接与审判室相连法官内庭被设置在一个独立的小型建筑中，好像牧师的住所，并与主体建筑相连，其建筑尺度与北面的现有住宅相呼应公共空间由一系列的层次构成：预制混凝土的柱廊、轻构玻璃幕墙、大面积开洞的石灰岩墙面，以及内墙每一个层次都在顶部设置了天光最里面的墙面可以引导至法庭，该墙面已经被指定为美国总务管理局的“艺术与建筑”项目，墙面上是由美国艺术家索尔·勒维特创作的60m长的壁画该建筑被选为美国总务管理局“安全与开放”项目，此项目要求联邦法院有必要尽量减少安全措施的可见度，同时不能牺牲公共建筑应有的对公众的开放性、外向性和通透性□（张晓黎 译）业主/Client: 美国总务管理局/United States General Services Administration功能/Program: 3个法庭和1个远期实现的法庭法院包括职员和鉴定部门非法院机构包括联邦法警、联邦律师和美国国会议员86个停车位/ Three courtrooms plus one future courtroom. Court-related departments include clerks and probation. Non-court agencies include U.S. Marshals, U.S. Attorneys and U.S. Congressmen. 86 parking spaces.总面积/Total Area: 15 050 m2(162 000 sq ft)造价/Cost:＄57 M摄影/Photo: Timothy Hursley22 外景/Exterior view70 世界建筑 2011/08The Springfield Federal Courthouse is set on State Street adjacent to the Cathedral of the Catholic Archdiocese, the Museum Quadrangle, and the Springfield Main Public Library. It forms a continuum in the institutional district of a city rich in history. The courthouse, containing three courtrooms (with a fourth for expansion), forms a spiraling crescent around two existing heritage trees－ a Copper Beech and a Linden ranging in age from 200 to 500 years old. It is speculated that George Washington may have once tied his horse to one of these trees while locating the First Armory of the United States, just up State Street from the site.A colonnaded entry pavilion facing the visual axis from the downtown leads to a curved colonnade accommodating a pedestrian promenade and a grand stair. The stair ascends to the building's third and principal public level, where the courtrooms and judges' chambers are located. A curved gallery tracing the colonnade and the trees－with views of the south and downtown, and containing public sitting areas－leads to the courtrooms. The judges' chambers are accommodated in a separate smaller structure－a parsonage-like annex to the main building－that relates in scale to the existing residential buildings to the north.The public spaces are formed by a series of layers: a pre-cast concrete colonnade, a glass screen with minimal framing, a limestone wall with large openings, and an inner wall. Each in turn is sky-lit from above. The innermost wall, which leads to the courtrooms and has been designated for the GSA "Art and Architecture" program, accommodates a two hundred foot-long mural by the American artist Sol LeWitt. The building was selected for the GSA "Security and Openness" program, in which the required security measures for a Federal Courthouse have been accommodated with minimal visibility and without compromising the sense of openness, extroversion, and transparency for a publicly accessible building.□33 鸟瞰/Aerial view4 入口外景/Exterior view of entry pavilion5 三层平面/Level 3 plan6 剖轴测/Axonometric section71张雷材料意志 /ZHANG LEI MATERIAL VOLITION准则，秩序与复杂性：摩西·萨夫迪/ETHICS, ORDER AND COMPLEXITY: MOSHE SAFDIE45 672 世界建筑 2011/08789107 入口内景/Interior of entry pavilion8 走廊，索尔·勒维特设计的壁画/Corridor, mural by Sol LeWitt9 法庭内景/Courtroom interior10 室外细部/Exterior detail73张雷材料意志 /ZHANG LEI MATERIAL VOLITION准则，秩序与复杂性：摩西·萨夫迪/ETHICS, ORDER AND COMPLEXITY: MOSHE SAFDIE1111 楼梯内景/Staircase interior。