2012年中考复习课件——名词[1]2

1、(学业考试说明P59) 掌握常用名词的数的变化； c 掌握名词所有格的构成及其变化； c 辨识常有专有名词的一些常见的缩写形式 a 掌握可数名词与不可数名词的区别及用法* 。 中考考查形式： 选择题、单词拼写及选词填空题 ,复习策略,英语总复习,NOUN.,要点考点聚焦,a flower,flowers,找规律,a watch,watches,factories,leaves,a box,boxes,NOUN.,a factory,a leaf,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,radios,photos,找规律,zoos,pianos,NOUN.,可数名词复数的规则变化,1）一般在词尾，加-s mapmaps bag-bags 2）以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加-es boxboxes wish-wishes 3) 以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变 y 为 i ,再加 -es。 City-cities，baby-babies，familyfamilies 注：以元音字母+y结尾的直接加-s boyboys 4)以f 或fe结尾的词，先将 f

2、 或fe 变成v，再加 es(小偷、妻子、刀子、树叶、狼、半、生命) Thief-thieves knife-knives wife-wives 5)以 o 结尾的名词加-es 的有（黑人、英雄、西红柿、土豆）Negro-Negroes hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes 其它以o结尾的直接加-s radio-radios photo-photos 注：zero的复数有两种形式zero-zeros或zeroes,不规则变化,children,a woman-women,deer,sheep,a man-men,goose-geese,NOUN.,a child,名词复数的不规则变化,man - men woman - women foot - feet tooth teeth mouse - mice child-children ox - oxen sheep - sheep deer - deer fish fish 或fishes people-people 若由man woman做前置定语，则定语和被修饰的词都变成复数 man

3、 doctormen doctors 注：其他名词修饰名词时变复数的应是后一个。 Boy studentboy students Apple treeapple trees,表示某国人的名词有三种情况,中国人日本人单复数相同 a Chinese-Chinese(复数) 英国人法国人变a为e Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen 其他国家人词尾加-s Americans Australians Italians Indians Canadians *German-Germans Roman-Romans,与众不同,NOUN.,scissors chopsticks shoes trousers gloves glasses,a pair of,a bottle of juice,a glass of orange,two boxes of milk,不可数名词,NOUN.,不可数名词的量的概念常用 量词短语来表示,有些不可数名词既是可数名词也是不可数名词，但意思有所不同,A room 一个房间 room空间 a chicken 一只小鸡 ch

4、icken鸡肉 A glass一个玻璃杯 glass玻璃 a paper报纸试卷 paper纸 A work著作 work工作 a wood小树林 wood木头,看例题识所有格,1. Beijing is the capital of China. Beijing is Chinas capital.,2. This is Mary and her sisters bedroom. Bob and Lucys sister is a nurse.,3. These are Toms and Lilys bags.,4. She is the two boys mother.,5. the door of the room the leaves of the tree,6. the girls name=the name of the girl,7. He is a friend of my brothers.,的,NOUN.,名词的所有格,名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格，即用作表示人、动物、国家、城镇和度量的所有关系。Whose Todays newspaper An hour

5、s ride Beijings weather 1、名词所有格一般直接在名词后加s；以-s 或 -es 结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加. Chinas Toms boys 2、由and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共同所有时，在后一个名词后加s This is Tom and Jims room . 3、of 所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。 The door of the room 4、s所有格与of 所有格往往可以互用。 The girls name=the name of the girl 5、名词的双重所有格有两种形式 A of+名词所有格 He is a friend of my brothers . B of+名词性物主代词 This is a photo of mine .,【注意】,如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示“分别有”，例如： Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）； Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。 两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如： John and Marys room（约翰和

6、玛丽共有一间）； Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。,看我“七十二变”,常具有赞美的意味,ful,具有的性质,y,表示充满的,less,没有的,danger,ous,形容词,NOUN.,名词的转化,1、部分表示人的名词后加ly构成形容词，具有赞美意味。 Friend-friendly love-lovely brother-brotherly 2、部分名词后加ful构成形容词，表示具有的性质。 Use-useful care-careful help-helpful thank-thankful 3、某些名词后加y构成形容词 Sun-sunny cloud-cloudy wind-windy health- healthy 4、某些名词后加less 构成形容词 Care-careless use-useless hope-hopeless fear-fearless 5、某些名词后加ous,构成形容词 Danger-dangerous fame-famous 6、一些物质名词后加en构成形容词 Wood-wooden gold-golden wool

7、-woolen 7、表示国家的名词转换为形容词，词尾常加ese ,ian ,an,或n . China-Chinese Egypt-Egyptian Australia-Australian,名词作主语时的主谓一致,1、表示时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 1) Five years is short for me . 2) Twenty dollars is enough . 2) Ten thousand metres is a long way . 2、a pair of +名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 A pair of shoes is under the bed . 3、the number of +名词复数作主语时意为“的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式, A number of +名词复数作主语时，意为“许多的，大量的”谓语动词用复数形式， 1) The number of students in our school is 1,000. 2) A number of students are playing football .,4、名词+介词

8、with ,except,as well as等+名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据介词前面的名词来判断。 The teacher with the students is in the classroom . All the students except Kate were there . 5、neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also连接并列主语时，根据后一个变化。 Neither he nor I am a teacher . Either I or he is a teacher . 6、people ,police 是集体名词，作主语时动词用复数形式。 The police are searching the thief . 7、one of 后跟名词复数，但动词用单数形式。 One of the students is in the room . 8、有对称结构的名词作主语动词用复数形式。scissors trousers eyeglasses The trousers are on the bed .,名词作主语和后面的代词保持一致。,1.,根据

9、所给单词的正确形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _. (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Please give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve in a year. (month) 8. Would you like some ? (tomato) 9. Look at those in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The are singing. (woman) 11. September 10th is Day. (teacher) 12. Jim has some . (knife) 13. How much are these ? (vegetable) 14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,photos,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,指点迷津,Ten years _(is ,are) short time for me. A pair of shoes _(is, are) under the bed. The number of the students i

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