新GRE阅读理解36套WORD版

1、新 GRE 阅读理解 36 套 GRERC36Exercise 1Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following reading passage.Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females. In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males. 5 A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. By Fishers genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximi

2、zes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the 10 number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters. Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their hostthe larva of another insectand that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, 15 offered a remarkably cogent analysis. Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could

3、fertilize all his sisters on emergence. Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, 20 but he went a step further in recognizing that he was looking for a strategy.1. The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists (A) conducted their research at approximately the same time (B) sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of the animals they studied (C) sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios exist and remain stable (D)

4、studied game theory, thereby providing important groundwork for the later development of strategy theory (E) studied reproduction in the same animal speciesFor the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply2. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps? A How many eggs does the female wasp usually lay in a single host larva? B Can some species of wasp determine sex ratios among their offspring? C What

5、is the approximate sex ratio among the offspring of parasitic wasps?3. Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage? (A) Adult female wasps are capable of storing sperm. (B) Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of other insects. (C) The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a male that was hatched in the same larva as herself. (D) So few male wasps are produced that extinction is almost certain. (E) Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts

6、until they reach sexual maturity.Questions 4 to 5 are based on the following reading passage.Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions. At least to argues E. Pessen in his 5 iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850. Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an

7、inordinately wealthy class. Though 10 active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes. In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser ones. Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent 15 constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the communitys wealth. Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that

8、the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century 20 continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization. (162 words) 4. According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:(A) They formed a distinct upper class. (B) Many of them were able to increase their holdings. (C)Some of them worked as profess

9、ionals or in business. (D) Most of them accumulated their own fortunes. (E) Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial upheavals.5. Which of the following best states the authors main point? (A) Pessens study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early nineteenth-century America. (B) Tocquevilles analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period. (C) Pessens study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century. (D) The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 are well documented. (E) Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic system in the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the br

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