1、2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试 英语（一）真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Theres nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close, automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented s
2、ix years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitl. They 5 as a novelty feature, but as their use has grown, their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world. Particulary 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency, the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in people s way. 9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people, the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them. Automatic doors often open to the
3、side, with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors, these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large, sticking-out door. There are many different types of automatic door, with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ, the main 15 remain the same. Each automatic door system 16 the light, sound weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open. Sensor types are chosen to 17 the dif
4、ferent environments they are needed in. 18 , a busy street migle not 19 a motion-sensored door, as it would constantly be opening for passers-by. A pressure sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area. 1.A.ThroughB.DespiteC.BesidesD.Without2.A.revealingB.demandingC.improvingD.tracing 3.A.experienceB.convenienceC.guidanceD.reference 4.A.previouslyB.temporarilyC.successivelyD.eventually 5.A.held onB.started outC.settled downD.went by 6.A.relationsB.volumesC.benefitsD.sources7.A.usefu
5、lB.simpleC.flexibleD.stable 8.A.call forB.yield toC.insist onD.act as9.A.As well asB.In terms ofC.Thanks toD.Rather than 10.A.connectedB.sharedC.representedD.occupied 11.A.allowB.expectC.requireD.direct12.A.adoptB.leadC.clearD.change13.A.adapting toB.deriving fromC.relying onD.pointing at 14.A.OnceB.SinceC.UnlessD.Although15.A.recordsB.positionsC.principlesD.reasons 16.A.controlsB.analyses C.producesD.mixes 17.A.decorateB.compareC.protectD.complement18.A.In conclusionB.By contrastC.For exampleD.
6、Above all319.A.identifyB.suitC.secureD.include 20.A.appropriateB.obviousC.impressiveD.delicateSection IIReading Comprehension Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Nearly 2000 years ago, as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland, they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails, nearly a million of the things. The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metr
7、e-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails? The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed, and they didnt want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron. The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmiths labour in a nail even more than the raw material. As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and
8、 Bolts, early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate. This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails, which could be reused after sifting the ashes. The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce, costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90% between the late 1700s and mid-1900s, as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper. According
9、to Sichel, although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy, most of the credit goes to nail manufactures who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years, but Sichel studied them because they havent changed much. Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars, but Roman nails are still clearly nails. It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695, but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects: their price. I am an economist, after all. After writing two books about the history of inventions, one thing Ive learnt is th
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