儿童期营养（英文版）PPT课件

1、Nutrition During Childhood,The nutritional vulnerability,弱点，易损性,of infants,Low nutritional stores,Body composition of different population,The nutritional vulnerability of infants,Low nutritional stores,High nutritional demands for growth,Growth,The energy cost of growth is about:,0-3 months35%,12 months 5%,1-2 years 3%,mid-adolescence1-2%,late teensnegligible微不足道的,The nutritional vulnerability of infants,Low nutritional stores,High nutritional demands for growth,Rapid neuronal 神经元的development,T

2、he nutritional vulnerability of infants,Low nutritional stores,High nutritional demands for growth,Rapid neuronal development,Early nutrition and future health (DOHaD,健康与疾病的发育起源,),OBJECTIVE,List the EAR of energy,RNI of some nutrients during infancy婴儿期,Describe the advantages of breast milk&breastfeeding,Describe when,what and how to start solid feeding,Know the feature of child energy metabolism,Know common feeding problems during infancy,Outline,Nutrition basics,Gastroenteric development and n

3、utrition,Feeding practice,Nutrition assessment,Outline,Nutrition basics,Gastroenteric development and nutrition,Feeding practice,Nutrition assessment,Dietary,Reference,Intakes,(DRIs),Estimated Average Requirement(EAR)平均需要量,Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA)or,Recommended Nutrient Intakes,(RNI)推荐摄入量,Adequate Intake(AI)适宜摄入量,Tolerable Upper Intake Level(UL)可耐受最大摄入量,Dietary Reference Intakes,(DRIs),AI,Category of nutrients,Energy,Macronutrients,PRO,FAT,CHO,Micronutrients,minerals矿物质,vitamins,Other

4、diet elements,cellulose,纤维素,water,Category of nutrients,Energy,Macronutrients,Micronutrients,Other diet elements,Components of Energy Requirements,Children need energy for the following:,Basal基础的 metabolism,Physical activity体力活动,Growth,Excretion 排泄分泌,Thermic effect of food食物产热效应 (TEF),Energy Requirements Distribution,During 06 Months,0,20,40,60,80,100,120,1,3,6,BMR,Activity,TEF,Growth,Others,age,EAR,0,12mo,95 kcal/kg.d,1yr,1100 kcal/d,（,M,）,2yr,1200 kcal/d,（,M,）,3yr,1350 kcal/d,（,M,）,5yr,1600 kc

5、al/d,（,M,）,7yr,1800 kcal/d,（,M,）,10yr,2100 kcal/d,（,M,）,EAR of Energy,(2000,年，中国营养学会,),Category of nutrients,Energy,Macronutrients,Micronutrients,Other diet elements,Macronutrients,Protein,carbohydrate(sugars and starches,淀粉质食品,)and fats all provide energy.,The amounts are:,1 g protein provides 4 kcal,1 g carbohydrate provides 4 kcal,1 g fat,provides 9 kcal,Essential Amino Acids,Adult&Infants:,leucine,isoleucine,valine,threonine,methionine,phenylalanine,tryptophan,lysine,histidine,Infants only:,

6、cysteine半胱氨酸,tyrosine酪氨酸,arginine精氨酸.,Protein,Quantity 量and proportion 比例of essential amino acids.,Biological Value of a Protein,All animal proteins,(liver,meat,fish,cheese,milk etc)are complete.,Breast-milk proteins and eggs,have the highest value.,Most vegetable proteins,except soy大豆,are incomplete.,Sources,High-quality,Proteins,age,RNI,0 12m,1.5-3g/kg.d,1y-,35g/d,2y-,40g/d,3y-,45g/d,4y-,50g/d,5y-,55g/d,6y-,55g/d,7y-,60g/d,RNI of Protein,Recommendation推荐,Protein should provide around,8%15%of e

7、nergy,approximately,a half of protein intake,is obtained from animal sources,The,RNI of protein,is,1.53g/kg/d,for infant,Complementary action,of protein should be considered,To keep a good health,in a childs diet:,Attention,low protein in infant formula is associated with lower weight up to age 2yr:a randomized clinical trial.,Am J Clin Nutr.2009;89:1836-45,Increased protein intake increase the load of immature kidney,Essential fatty acids,n-6:linoleic acid亚油酸(C,18:2n-6,LA),n-3:linolenic acid 亚麻

8、酸(C,18:3n-3,ALA),EPA,C,20:5,DHA,C,22:6,arachidonic acid花生四烯酸,（C20:6,AA）,Fat,Source,Linolenic acid,亚麻酸,&linoleic acid,亚麻油酸,:plant oil,EPA,二十碳五烯酸,、,DHA,二十二碳六烯酸,:fish oil,AA,花生四烯酸,：,animal food egg yolk,meat,liver,Breast milk:optimal ratio 最佳比率of DHA&AA,Fat should provide around,45%50%of energy(,06mo),35%40%(624mo),30%35%(27yr),25%30%(7yr),At least,1%3%,of energy intake should come from EFAs.,Recommendation,To keep a good health,in a childs diet:,High risk factor of,cardiovascular disease,Obesity,E

9、xceeded Saturated fats intake,超饱和脂肪摄入,:,Attention,Inadequate fat intake:,Impacts on cognition development,CHO should provide around,45%55%,of energy during infancy,Recommendation,To keep a good health,in a childs diet:,Carbohydrate,Exceeded CHO intake(,80%E,)-Obesity,Inadequate CHO intake,(7yr 25-30%,（,2yr 50-60%),Category of nutrients,Energy,Macronutrients,Micronutrients,Other diet elements,Vitamins:,Fat-soluble vitamins,Water-soluble vitamins,Minerals,:,Macro-minerals,Trace elements,Micronutri

10、ents,Vitamins RNI During Infancy,Vit A,Vit D,Vit C,Vit B,1,Vit A 1 gRE=3.3IU,Vit D 1 g=40IU,400 gRE/d,10 g/d,40-50 mg/d,0.2-0.3 mg/d,Liver,milk,carrot,et al,Sun exposure,、,fish liver oil,et al,Fruit&fresh vegetable,Rice bran,bean,peanut,et al,Mineral RNI/Al during infancy,Age Ca Fe I Zn,(mg/d)(mg/d)(ug/d)(mg/d),(m),(AI),(AI),0-6,6-12,12-24,300,400,600,0.3,10,12,1.5,8.0,9.0,50,50,50,Source,Milk,bean,Liver,egg yolk,Marine,products,Meat,fish,milk,Category of nutrients,Energy,Macronutrients,Micronut

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