1、八年级上册语法一、复合不定代词 作主语/宾语/表语常见的复合不定代词有：指事/物指人some-something 某事/物someone某人somebody某人any-anything任何事anyone任何人anybody任何人no-nothing没有什么no one没人nobody没人every-everything一切everyone每人everybody每人考点：1. some-的复合不定代词通常用于肯定句中，any-常用于否定句或疑问句中。如：I cant see anything on the table. 我在桌子上什么也看不到。Is there anyone in the classroom? 教室里有人吗？ Yes. There is someone. 是的，有人。在表请求、建议，希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中，要用some-的复合不定代词。如：Would you like something to drink? 你想要喝点什么吗？Why not ask someone to go with you? 为什么不叫人和你一起去呢？2. 复合不定代词+形容词（即：形容词修饰
2、复合不定代词时，形容词要后置，做后置定语）如：Theres nothing serious. 没什么要紧的。3. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：Someone is waiting for you .有人正在等你。二、 频度副词定义：表动作发生的频率的副词。常位于系动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。（sometimes 也可放在句首/句尾）常见的频度副词有：always总是 usually通常 often经常 sometimesseldom很少hardly几乎不never从不【例句】1. She isalwaysglad to help others. 她总是乐于助人。2. My motherusuallygets up at six. 我妈妈通常 6 点起床。3. Heoftengoes to the library. 他经常去图书馆。4.Sometimesshe plays tennis after school. 她有时放学后打网球。5. Ihardlyknow him. 我几乎不认识他。6. Inevergo out at night. 我从不晚上出门。【
3、注意】：1.对频率/频度副词提问（如：once a week, every day 等），用how often“多久一次”2.对次数提问用How many times“多少次”如：Miss Gao dancestwicea week. (对划线部分提问) How often does Miss Gao dance?如：Miss Gao dancestwicea week. How many times does Miss Gao dance a week?3.对“in+时间段”提问，用how soon“多久以后”如：She will come back in two weeks. (对划线部分提问) How soon wil she come back?4. 对“（for）+时间段”提问，用how long“多长时间”如：He watches TV for half an hour every day. How long does he watch TV every day?三、形容词/副词的比较级和最高级大多数形容词或副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。比较级表“更”；最高级表“最
4、.”1. 比较级和最高级的构成：（直去双改多）（1）直接+er,+est。 如: long-longer-longest； high-higher-highest（2）去掉不发音的e,+er,+est。 如: nice-nicer-nicest；wide-wider-widest（3） 重读辅元辅结尾,双写尾字母+er,+est。（胖瘦大热湿红伤健康） 如: fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnest big-bigger-biggest hot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest red-redder-reddest sad-sadder-saddest fit-fitter-fittest（4）辅+y结尾,变y为i,+er,+est。 如:early-earlier-earliest; happy-happier-happiest（5）多音节词/部分双音节词，其前+more,+most。 如: popular - more popular - most popular；delicious - more delic
5、ious - most delicious（6）部分单词比较级和最高级的不规则变化：good/wellbetterbest bad/ badly/illworseworst many/muchmoremost littlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldest farfurther/fartherfurthest/farthest由形容词+ly构成的词，v+ed/ing的词，-ful 或-less结尾的词，加-more/most.quicklymore/most quickly boringmore/most boring carefulmore/most careful carelessmore/most careless2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 比较级用于两者（人或物）之间的比较。“更”原级比较：（1）as+原级+as “和.一样” eg：Lily is as tall as Lucy.（2）not as/so +原级+as “不如.” eg：Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. less+原级+than “不如.”
6、 eg：Lily is less beautiful than Lucy.比较级句型（1） 比较级+than “比.” 数字+比较级+than “几.“ 倍数+比较级+than “几倍.“eg：Lily is taller than me. 莉莉比我高。 Jim is three years older than Tom. 吉姆比汤姆大三岁。 This room is three times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个大三倍。I got up earlier than my mother this morning. 我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs four times faster than his brother. 他跑的速度比他弟弟快四倍。（2） 比较级+and+比较级 “越来越.”eg：Its getting hotter and hotter . 天气变得越来越热。 She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越漂亮了。（3） the+比较级，the+比较级 “越.就越.” eg：The
7、 more , the better. 越多越好。The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 吃的越多，长得越胖。（4） the +比较级+of the two “两者中更.的”eg：My brother is the taller of the two. 我哥哥是两个人中较高的。（5） 选择疑问句eg：Which is bigger, the earth or the moon? 地球和月亮哪个更大? Who draws better，Lucy or Lily? 露西和莉莉谁画得更好?原级与比较级间的转换：Lucy is more beautiful than Lily. 露西比莉莉更漂亮。=Lily is less beautiful than Lucy.=Lily isnt as/so beautiful as Lucy.程度词+比较级： 表示一方超过另一方的程度（1）much/ a lot/ far+比较级 “.得多” eg：He feels a lot better today.（2）a little/ a bit+比较级 “.一点”
8、eg：He is a little taller than me. 他比我高一点。（3）even+比较级 “甚至.” eg：I feel even worse now. 我现在感觉更糟了。【注意】：比较级前不能用very, so, too, quite，pretty等修饰。3.形容词和副词最高级的用法 最高级用于三者或三者以上（人或物）之间的比较。 “最.”（1）the+最高级+in/of/among. “.是.中最.的” eg：Im the tallest in my class. 我是我们班最高的。Bob sings (the) best of all the students. 鲍勃是所有学生中唱得最好的。This cup is the most beautiful among the five. 这个杯子是五个杯子中最漂亮的。注：形容词最高级前要加the。（2）one of the+最高级+复n.+in/of. “是.中最.的之一”eg: Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大的城市之一。（3）the+序数词+最高级+n. “第几最.的”eg: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。（4）选择疑问句 eg：Who is the thinnest，Tom,Bob, or Lucy? 谁最瘦，汤姆、鲍勃还是露西？注：最高级前有形物代、名词所有格、指示代词时前不加the。如：He is my best friend. English is my moms best subject. 用比较级表最高级： （中考考点）1.比较级+than any other+单数名词 “比其他任何一个.都.”eg：China is the largest country in Asia. =China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家。 （同范围比较，用other排除
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