龙岗向阳英语培训机构动词的时态

1、动词的时态正确使用时态能反映一个人的英语基本功。一方面中国学生花很多时间来研究动词时态，而另一方面中国学生在写作上和口语表达上经常犯动词时态的错误。我认为出错的最主要原因是缺乏口头和笔头上的大量练习，其次是对容易混淆的动词时态之间缺乏透彻的比较。下文中将比较多对容易混淆的时态，从中总结出各种时态所运用的条件，了解各种时态的区别，其目的是让你在比较之中掌握每一时态的运用，至少使你不犯太简单的语法错误，如：Hegoshoppinglastweek.这也是掌握动词时态的一个方法，并且要熟读甚至背诵例句。1一般现在时的用法:时（TENSE是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式。那在英语里时有两个：现在时PRESENT TENSE）和过去时PASTTENSE）。英语动词的现在时除了在主语是第三人称单数时，动词词尾必须加-s或-es以外，其它都是动词原形。一般现在时是现在时中的一种，一般现在时的用法是受动词词汇意义制约的；这种动词形式通常可用来表示下列意义。1)表示现在经常发生性或习惯性的动作，常与表示2)频度副词和副2)词时间状语连用。时间状语：every, sometimes,at, on

2、Sunday，always, ever, frequently, hardly ever, never,occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, usually等，频度副词通常位于主动词之前，如果主动词是be，则通常位于其后，也可以为了加强而位于其前。I leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早上七点钟离开家去学校。Percy often goes to his office by underground.Father doesnt smoke.He always sleeps with his windows open.Mary usually learns languages very quickly but shedoesnt seem able to learn modern Greek.注意，hardly ever的含意是almost never，rarely的含义是notusually。以此类推，not ever=never; not always = usually;not usually

3、= rarely; not only = seldom,等等。The students (always) are always on time for class.2)表示不受时的限制的客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghailies in the east ofChina.3)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Thistastesverygood.Idontbelievemyeyes.Ineedacar.Ihatethismusic.I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my hom

4、ework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch onthe current and stand back.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。5)在讲述一个过去发生的故事时，有时可用一般现在时表示过去发生的一系列事情。Thisuseiscalledthehistoricalpresent.如在看图说话一类题时经常用到这一点。Examples:一个美国人描述他到中国旅游的经历My friend and I arrive at the capital air port inBeijing on the morning of May 25th, 1993.Robert comesto meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is to beour apartment for nearly three.week.Thedriveisculture shock number one.We see pe

5、ople everywhere.Also, Beijin seem to be more modern than its has beenwritten in all the books onChinaI have read. My friendand I are extremely astonished by the number of bicycleson the road, ，truly the kingdom of bicycles.2一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, theother day, in 1982等。Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in thestreet.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they weregiven a warm welcom

6、e.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth到时间了该了It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了早该了It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some.我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived inKentuckyfor seven years.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs

7、. Darby has lived inKentuckyfor seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词could, would.Could you lend me your bike?5) used to / be used toused to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk.(过去常常散步)be used to + doing：对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题- Your phone num

8、ber again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 69568442.A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant答案A.本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。3一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c.有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be astorm.3)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave forBeijing.注意：be about to不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5) be going to / will用于条件句时，be going to表将来will表意愿

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