语用失误及其原因

1、第三章 语用失误及其原因本章学习目标1. 明确语用失误的内涵2. 了解语用失误的分类3. 了解语用失误的表现形式4. 掌握语用失误的原因本章概述外语教学的最终目的就是培养学习者的交际能力。然而，学习者能否进行有效的交流不仅仅取决于他们的语法能力，更取决于其语用能力，即非母语者在不同情景中正确、得体地使用该语言进行交流的能力。但是长时间以来，中国的英语教学受传统教学法的影响，更加重视语言知识的传授而忽视了文化因素。结果大部分学生都由于语用能力欠缺而导致交际中断和交际失败。随着社会的进步与发展，世界各国、各民族之间的交流合作日益增强。外语作为交际工具，在现代社会生活中发挥着重要作用。随着跨文化交际的日趋频繁和跨文化交际中交际失败的不断出现，作为语用学及其分支学科一语际语语用学的热点话题之一，语用失误引起了国内外语言学家及语言学习者的重视。本章介绍了语用失误内涵和分类、表现形式以及导致语用失误的因素。希望通过本章的学习，学习者能明确了解语用失误的必要性，初步具备避免语用失误的意识并能运用有效的手段在日后的学习中逐步培养语用能力。自主学习调查问卷同学们，为了了解你们的语用失误意识，请参与本次调

2、查。谢谢合作！Directions: For each question in this part, you are presented with a short description of a situation and four choices. Read the description of each situation and select the most appropriate choice in that situation. Mark your choice by writing the corresponding letter in the brackets.1. At a bus stopMan：Excuse me，do you know which bus to catch for London Road，please?Woman：Sorry，Ive no ideaMan：( )A) It doesnt matterB) OhC) Never mindD) Thank you(He then went up to another person.)2. Prof.

3、 Smith says to you in a seminar, “You might be interested in having a look at Blooms article on this.” Then you will take it as( )A) a suggestion. B) a request. C) an indirect command and you may ask, “Do you want me to read that for the next essay?” D) an assignment.3. Graham met his teacher, Professor South, outside the library.G: Good morning. Professor South, how are you?Prof. S: Very well, thank you. Graham, and how are you?G: ( )A) Oh, cant complain. B) Im very well too, thank you.C) Same

4、old thing. D) Just so-so.4.You overheard someone say to another, “You are to be here by eight.” Then the relationship between the speaker and the hearer is probably( ).(A) Teacher and student B) Husband and wife C) Sisters D) Friends5. At a dinnerA: May I have the biscuits?B: ( )A) Sure. (handing along the biscuits) B) Yes, help yourself.C) Go ahead. D) Yes, of course.6. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds his smoking. One of the friends in the car, G

5、illian, is allergic to smoke. What would she say?Patrick: OK if I smoke here?Gillian: ( )A) Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?B) Cant you stay without smoking?C) Its not OK.D) No, of course not.7. In a factory, the guide is interpreting for a group of foreign guests. When they have finished visiting one workshop, he would like the group to follow him to the next workshop, he says: ( )A) This way, please. B) Come here. C) Follow me. D) Move on.8. Joyce is talking to her friend, Brenda.J: I won

6、der if youd mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?Brenda：( )A) Youre welcome. B) I dont care. C) I dont mind. D)Yes, sure.9. Danial was poor at cooking. But today its his turn to do cooking. After breakfast, his two friends are talking.A: Whos made this breakfast? B: Dan.A: Oh, I see. Its terrific, isnt it? By this A means: ( )A) Dan had done a good job.B) The breakfast is really satisfactory.C) The breakfast is so good that you should all think so.D) The breakfast is terrible

7、.10. If someone offers you some food that you really dont like, you might say: ( )A) Im fed up. B) I dont care for that. C) Sure, Id love some more. D) Thanks, but Im really full.11. You are asking your foreign teacher to correct your application letter, you say: ( )A)You see Ive never written a letter in English before. So Ive probably made lots of mistakes.B) Im sorry to interrupt you.You see Ive never written a letter in English before. So Ive probably made lots of mistakes.C) I wonder if you

8、 are free or not.You see Ive never written a letter in English before. So Ive probably made lots of mistakes.D) Could you please help me correct my application letter?12. Mr Timms has arrived for a meeting which, unfortunately, has been cancelledMrs Banks：Im terribly sorry about not letting you know sooner, Mr Timms, but unfortunately it was cancelled at the last minute and there simply wasnt enough time to inform everyoneMr Timms：A) Oh, dont let it worry you, Mrs Banks. I quite understand. B) O

9、h, thats OK, Mrs Banks. I understandC) Oh, it doesnt matter, Mrs BanksD) Oh, dont worry about it, Mrs Banks13.Prof Smith has just given a lively lecture on language teaching, which lasts two hours.And you say to him in appreciation ( ).A) Youve given a wonderful speech.B) Prof. Smith, your lecture was such an attractive one that Id like to listen to you for another two hours.C) I must say, I really appreciate your talk this morning, Prof. Smith.D) What an excellent lecture youve given, Prof. Smith.14. Youve just finished a lecture, and you say to the audience, ( )A) What Ive said is not complete, Im afraid. B) Thank you. I hope you enjoyed my talk.C) There must be lots of mistakes. Please correct me any time.D) Ive wasted your time.15. Mr.Greens secretary, Jane, went to the air

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