初中英语2024届中考宾语从句知识讲解和练习

1、中考英语宾语从句知识讲解和练习一、宾语从句的概念和结构1.在复合句中作主句宾语的句子叫宾语从句。I likemy teacher.(名词作宾语)I enjoyplaying basketball.(动名词作宾语)I decideto study hard.(不定式作宾语)I knowhim. (代词作宾语)I knowMr Li teaches English.(句子作宾语)She askedif the answer was right.(句子作宾语)即当宾语是由一个句子在充当时，这个句子就叫宾语从句。2.结构：主句 + 连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句宾语从句的类型：动词宾语从句：主语 +动词+ 宾语从句此类动词有：say, tell, think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等如：Ihopethat our team will win the match.介词宾语从句：主语 + 谓语 +介词+ 宾语从句如：I agreewithwhat you said just now.形容词宾语从句：主语 + be +形容词+ 宾语从句此类

2、形容词有：afraid, sure, glad, sorry等如：I amsorrythat I have troubled you so long.二、宾语从句三要素（一）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序。陈述句语序：主句 +引导词+主语+谓语+其他成分Helen saysthat shewill learnFrench next year. 引导词 主语 谓语【易错点】语序不变的情况：1.疑问句的特殊语序Whats wrong?/ Whats the matter?/ What happened?Which is the way to ?Who引导的特殊疑问句且who做主语I dont knowwhats the matter?Can you tell mewho is over there?2.感叹句You cant imaginehow sad I wasyesterday.【典型例题】1.Excuse me, can you tell me _?A.where is there a good place to liveB.where a good place is t

3、o liveC.where is a good place to liveD.where there is a good place to live【答案】D2.Could you tell me _?Sure.Walk straight along this street and youll find it.A.how can I get to the post officeB.where was the post officeC.which is the way to the post office D.where the post office was【答案】C3.Do you know when _ today.A.is the bookstore closedB.does the bookstore closeC.the bookstore closesD.is the bookstore closing【答案】C4.You cant imagine _ when they received these Christmas presents.A.how they were e

4、xcitedB.how excited they wereC.how excited were theyD.they were how excited【答案】B5.The manager came up to see _.A.what was the matterB.what the matter was C.what is the matterD.what the matter is【答案】A（二）宾语从句的时态1）主现从不限（需要性原则）主句是一般现在时，从句不限时态，可根据需要选用任何时态。（从句中有明确的时间状语时应由时间状语来决定时态）Hesaysthat heisgood at English.Hesaysthat hehas been illfor two days.Idont knowif hewill cometomorrow.2）主过从过(呼应性原则)主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态（即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等）。（引用请注明给力英语公众号）Heaskedme where Ilived.Hesaidthat shehad been i

5、llfor two days.Shesaidthat shewould returnsoon.3.特殊情况：1) 当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，都用一般现在时。The teachersaid“lighttravelsfaster than sound”.Hesaidthat the earthisround.2)当主句是Could/Would you tell me.? 时，could/would表示语气委婉，不表示过去时态。Could you tell me if youarethe first one to arrive here?【典型例题】1.用所给动词的适当形式填空(1) The radio says it _ (be) cloudy tomorrow.(2) She said that she _ (fly) to Japan in a week.(3) He asked what they _ (do) at eight last night.(4) The teacher told his students that light _ (trav

6、el) faster than sound.【答案】will be; would fly; were doing; travels2.Excuse me, do you know _ yesterday?Sure.It closed at 6:00 p.m.yesterday.A.when the bookstore closesB.when does the bookstore closeC.when the bookstore closedD.when did the bookstore close【答案】C3.We are glad to hear that the Greens _ to a new flat next week.A.move B.movedC.will move D.have moved【答案】C【解析】句意：我们很高兴听到格林一家下周要搬去新公寓。考查宾语从句和一般将来时的用法。解题思路：这是一个由that引导的宾语从句，主句使用一般将来时，从句可以使用各种时态；由从句中next week可以看出主句要使用一般将来时，故答案选C。4.The police w

7、ondered _.A.whose handbag it isB.whose handbag it wasC.whose handbag is itD.whose handbag was it【答案】B【解析】wonder想知道，实义动词，后面跟的是宾语从句。A.时态不对，根据wondered可知从句也要用过去时；CD.语序不对，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。故选：B。解析：警察想知道它是谁的手提包.（三）宾语从句的连接词连接代词：that，whether/if疑问代词：who，whom, whose，what，which疑问副词：when，where，how，why（1）that引导宾语从句只起连接作用，其本身没有意义，在口语中常可省略：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( that + 陈述句 )I think（that）you should be more careful我觉得你应多加小心。Im afraid（that）he wont come on time我恐怕他不会准时到。（2）whether/if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语从句( whether /if + 陈述句

8、)I wonderwhether (if)daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我不知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样看待。【易错点拨】能用if不能用whether的情况：if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。I wonder if she is a doctor.if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，此时从句遵守“主将从现”原则。Ifit rains tomorrow, I wont come.能用whether不能用if的情况：1.当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。I want to knowwhetherhe is still living in Beijingor not2.在to do不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if。I dont knowwhether to seemy doctor today.3.介词后只能用whether。I worryaboutwhetherI hurt her feelings.4.含有宾语从句的复合句同时又包含if引导的条件句时，最好用whether。I dont knowwhetherhe will comeifit doesnt rain tomorrow.（3）疑问代词和疑问副词引导宾语从句疑问代词who，which，what，whose，whom以及疑问副词when，where，how，why均能引导宾语从句，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。疑问代词：* Do you knowwhosedictionary it is? （谁的，作定语）* He askedwhocould give him a hand.（谁，作主语）疑问副词：* Could you tell mewhyyou are late? （为什么，作状语）* He didnt saywhenhe would return.（什么时候，作状语）【注意】疑问代词在从句中做主语的情况：如：I want to knowwhocleaned the classroom.They want to find outwhatcaused the accident

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