动词不定式用法与专项练习

1、学习好资料欢迎下载动词不定式：to+do 或 do动词不定式由to +动词原形组成，是动词的一种非谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语，在句子中起名词、形容词和副词的 作用，因此在句中可充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同谓语。1. 动词不定在句中的语法功能（1）动词不定式（短语）作主语 To love is to be loved.爱别人就是被人爱。To teach is to give.教书就是奉献。注意：1 ）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用形式主语it,而真正的主语则被置于句子后部。It always pays to be honest.老实不吃亏。 It is of great importance to solve the housing problem. 解决住房问题是很重要的。It will take me three hours to do this job.干这个工作我花了三个小时。2）假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语，则需用介词of或for来引导。Its good for me to have a talk with you.我很

2、高兴和你交谈。It is really important for students to learn English well.对学生们来说，学好英语很重要。It is possible for all nations to unite to get rid of the terrorists. 所有国家携手铲除恐怖分子，这是可以做到的。It is stupid of John to help such a shameless girl.约翰真傻，竟去帮助这样一个无耻的女孩。It is cruel of man to kill animals in such a casual manner. 人类如此随便地屠杀动物，真是残忍。Its unfair of the teacher to single（ vt.挑选）Li Ming out for praise. 老师单挑李民来表扬是不公平的。能用于介词 of 结构的形容词有： good, nice, kind, bad, cruel, wicked, clever, bright, wise, silly, foolish, stupid

3、, selfless, sensible, selfish, insensible, polite, fair, generous, rude, unfair, mean等。这些形容词主要表示做这件事的人的品格或素质。能用于介词 for 结构的形容词有：important, necessary, impossible, better, worse, easy, difficult heavy, light 等。3）在疑问句或感叹句中，要用it来作主语.Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting? 值得我们开这样长时间的会吗？What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa （viz ? n. 签证）to America ！对我来说，听到弟弟拿到去美国的签证该是多好的消息啊！（2）动词不定式（短语）作宾语I will leave it to you to make the final decision.我将由你来做最后的决定。She decide

4、d to quit her job at last.最后，她决定辞职。 I hope to see you soon.我希望很快见到你。注意：1）在以下这些动词后面只能跟动词不定式（短语）作宾语：afford, agree, aim, ask, claim, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail,hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, threaten, wish, want 等。然而以下动词后面既可跟动词不定式（短语）又可跟动名 词（短语），但意思有的有差另U，有的相同： attempt, begin, continue, deserve, disdain（d ?sdein vt.不屑）,dread, endure, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love, mean, need, neglect, omit（ ?umitvt.遗漏;省略;删去）,prefer, p

5、roceed（pr ?si:d开始 ，着手，出发+to-v） , propose,regret,remember,start,begin,try,want 等。He disdains going to the cinema.他不屑于去看电影。 He disdains to sit with people like us.他不屑与我们这等人同席而坐。He neglected to write and say Thank you. 他因疏忽而未写信道谢。Dont neglect writing to your mother. 另 U忘了给你母亲写信。2）在 should （would） like, love, prefer等之后必须用动词不定式（短语）。Id like to give you a big hand.我想用掌声欢迎您。Id love to come to China again someday 我愿意来日再访中国。3）在下列及物动词后一般可跟疑问词+动词不定式短语:advise, ask, decide, find out, instruct, know, forget, i

6、magine, learn, observe, remember, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。I dont know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办。 The children are learning how to play the game. 孩子们在学做游戏。（3）动词不定式（短语）作表语The most important thing for the United states to do now is to rescue the wounded. 现在，对美国来说，最重要的是抢救伤员。注意：1）动词不定式（短语）作表语，可用主动形式表示被动含义的结构有to blame, to let.Who is to blame?谁该受到责备？The house is to let.该房屋出租。Suspects are still to find out.凶手还有待查明。2）be to含有按计划，按排命令将做的事或应该，可能，注定将发生的事。We are to meet once a week.我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。（安排）When

7、 is the examination to be held?考试按规定什么时候举行？（计划或规定）You are to come at once.你得按指令马上来。（命令）What is to be done?应该怎么办？ （应该）The key is nowhere to be found.哪儿也找不到钥匙。（可能）Am I never to see her again?难道我就永远见不到她了吗？（注定）（4）动词不定式（短语）作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补足语宾语与其宾补或主语与其主补形成逻辑上的主谓关系。Wed love you to give us a hand.我们想让你帮个忙。He was made to repair the broken chair.要他修理弄坏的椅子。She was seen to draw a wonderful picture.有人见她作了幅美丽的画儿。注意：1）在一些动词后，用作宾语补语的动词不定式符号to要省略掉。这类动词包括感官动词以及使役动词，如feel, spot, look at, listen to, observe,see,

8、hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等。但如果句子为被动语态，动词不定式（短语）为主补时，要带to （let除外）。I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday.我昨天听见她在隔壁唱过一首歌。学习好资料-欢迎下载.（She was heard to sing a song in the next room yesterday.）I had John fix my bike.我让约翰修理我的自行车。The boy was made to go to bed early.这男孩被迫早上床睡觉。She was seen to walk into the classroom with a book under her arm.有人看见她胳臂下夹着一本书走进了教室。2） 有些动词后面的宾语补语常是to be, 这样的动词有：believe,consider,declare,find,imagine,know,prove,suppose, understand 等。I will consider him t

9、o be an honest man. 我会认为他是一个诚实的人。She was believed to be innocent.大家都相信她是清白的。3）下列动词后不能跟 名词或代词 +动词不定式结构admit, confess, demand, explain, hope, propose, suggest等。My mother suggested that we （should） finish our homework before watching TV.妈妈建议我们做完作业后才看电视。（不能说 My mother suggested us to finish our homework before watching TV）I hoped that the bus would come early. 我希望公共汽车能快点来。（不能说 I hoped the bus to come early.但可以说 I hope for the bus to comeearly.类似结构有 wait for sb. to do ； arrange for sb. to do 等）（5）动词不定式（短语）作定语：动词不定式（短语）作定语需后置。与所修饰的词有主谓或动宾关系。When the question was out, he was the first one to raise his hand.问题一提出，他第一个举起手。This terrorist attack is a lesson to remember.这次恐怖袭击事件是个应该记取的教训。I am afraid I cannot attend your party,for I have too many things to do.恐怕我不能参加你的晚会了，因为我有好多事情要做。注意：1）当被修饰的是不

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