2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解7

1、2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题It only took a few seconds for her to size（ ）the situation.问题1选项A.overB.upC.onD.to【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查size up“打量；估计的大小；判断”，其他的选项都没有这种搭配。句意：她只花了几秒钟审时度势。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Carutherss latest literary criticism（ ）her reputation for trenchant commentary; despite its intriguing title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of（ ）.问题1选项A.reinforces, pronouncementsB.advances, aphorismsC.belies, platitudesD.undermines, judgme

2、nts【答案】C【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。A选项reinforces, pronouncements“加强，加固；强化；补充”，“声明；宣告；公告；判决”；B选项advances, aphorisms“提出；预付；使前进；将提前；前进；进展；上涨”，“格言；警句”；C选项belies, platitudes“掩饰；与不符；使失望；证明虚假错误”，“陈词滥调；平凡；陈腐”；D选项undermines, judgments“破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基”，“判断；裁判；判决书；辨别力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文学批评掩盖了她犀利评论的名声；尽管书名引人入胜，书皮上也有溢美之词，但这本书不过是陈词滥调的集合。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题The wizened old man in the home for the aged was still active and energetic.问题1选项A.tractableB.texturedC.adeptD.shriveled【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项tractable“易于管教的；易驾驭的；易处理的；驯良的”；B选项textured“

3、起纹理的；质地不平的；（艺术、文学、音乐等）有神韵的”；C选项adept“熟练的；擅长的”；D选项shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干瘪的老人依然精神抖擞。wizened“干瘪的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题This should be a（ ）for you, we all know you will finish it in time.问题1选项A.cakeholeB.cakewalkC.catchallD.catcall【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cakehole“嘴巴”；B选项cakewalk“步态竞赛，一种步态舞，易如反掌之事”；C选项catchall“装杂物的容器，总受器，分沫器”；D选项catcall“嘘声，不满之声，喝倒彩”。句意：这对你来说应该是轻而易举的事，我们都知道你会按时完成的。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Unenlightened authoritarian managers rarely recognize a crucial reason for the low levels of seri

4、ous conflict among members of democratically run work groups: a modicum of tolerance for dissent often prevents rift.问题1选项A.demurB.divisionC.complianceD.discern【答案】B【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项demur“异议；反对”；B选项division“除法；部门；分配；分裂；分割；赛区”；C选项compliance“顺从，服从；符合；屈从；可塑性”；D选项discern仅可做动词，意为“觉察出；识别；了解；隐约看见；辨别”。句意：不开明的独裁管理者很少意识到民主管理的工作团队成员之间严重冲突程度较低的一个关键原因：对异见的少量容忍往往可以防止出现裂痕。rift“裂缝；不和；裂口”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Redeeming your car from the（ ）can be expensive.问题1选项A.baseB.poundC.groundD.parking lot【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨

5、析。A选项base“基底；基础；基地；基本成分”；B选项pound“英镑；重击；违章停车车辆扣留场；流浪狗收留所”；C选项ground“地面；土地；范围；战场”；D选项parking lot“停车场”。句意：从车管所赎回被扣的汽车可能要花很多钱。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题The funny looking man whom the girl met on the street of Princeton was（ ） Albert Einstein.问题1选项A.none butB.none other butC.no other butD.nobody but【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项none but“仅有；无；只有才”；B选项none other but与none other than意思相同，意为“不是别人，正是”；C选项no other but没有这种用法；D选项nobody but“除了没有人”。句意：那个女孩在普林斯顿大街上遇到的长相滑稽的男人不是别人，正是阿尔伯特爱因斯坦。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题The shuttle Columbia was doome

6、d in part because NASA relied on flawed computer simulations and mathematical formulas that failed to accurately predict damage to the shuttle from flying pieces of foam, documents released by the space agency and the group investigating the accident show.Nuclear and aviation industry safety experts who are familiar with the sorts of analyses NASA used say space agency officials were wrong to rely on the simulations to gauge risks. Instead, the experts say, they should have performed tests on sh

7、uttle components to determine the damage that foam from the fuel tank might do to its wing.These simulations and formulas some done before the launch, others done during the mission often were based on erroneous assumptions about the ability of the shuttle to withstand damage. NASA managers assumed it was safe for Columbia to return to Earth even though foam had struck the wing.The foam hit the left wing 82 seconds after liftoff and broke through one of the carbon panels designed to protect the

8、wings from the intense heat of re-entry. Columbia broke apart as it re-entered Earths atmosphere on Feb.1. All seven astronauts were killed.Today, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board Will issue its findings on what caused the accident. In addition to detailing how the blow from the foam led to the break-up, the board will document how decisions by NASA managers underestimated the peril Columbia faced and how they ignored warnings, according to previous public statements from board members.

9、The independent boards report also is expected to find that the NASA safety office was ineffective and underfunded.Among the areas to be discussed is NASAs reliance on computer simulations and mathematical models. Before the missionand again after fuzzy photos showed the foam had hit Columbias wing-simulations and other analyses led to poor decisions by NASA managers, documents show. The simulations appear to have blinded them to danger signals about foam on earlier flights and led them to dramatically underestimate the threat to Columbia. The independent boards report also is expected to find that the NASA safety office was ineffective and

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