2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第40期

1、2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Venice（ ）as the major sea power of the Mediterranean during the Middle Ages, which was even mentioned by some writers, such as Shakespeare, Marlowe, etc.问题1选项A.prevailedB.reignedC.presidedD.restrained【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A: prevail “流行” ；B: reign “统治”；C: preside “主持，管理”；D: restrain “控制”。句意：中世纪时，威尼斯以地中海的主要海上力量而称雄，这一点很多作家，例如莎士比亚、马洛都提到过。根据句意可知，B为正确答案。2. 翻译题Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on the Answ

2、er Sheet.Scientific research is by nature an uncertain undertaking. Like any exploratory process, it is not possible to predict what one will find or what its eventual utility might be. That is the whole point of research-investigating what we do not know. In other walks of life we have come to grips with the notion of stochastic phenomena that are not individually predictable, but can be tackled as a group. Mutual fund managers do not expect every investment to have the same return, nor do actu

3、aries expect every person to live precisely to the life expectancy. The whole point of a mutual fund, or an insurance company, is to create a portfolio of unpredictable entities that in the aggregate yield to statistical prediction. Given a sufficiently large portfolio of research projects, and enough time to bring them to fruition, the track record is clear: Science is a tremendous, and very predictable, investment.Yet this is not how science is viewed by those who fund it in government or indu

4、stry. Therefore, projects are subjected to a scrutiny wholly inappropriate to their nature. The most reliable way to get research funds is to predict the research results up front, to guarantee low risk of failure, and to present a clear and certain path from results to great commercial utility.【答案】科学研究一项不确定的事业。就像任何探索过程一样，我们不可能预测人们 会发现什么，或者它最终的效用是什么。研究-调查我们不知道的事情是整个重点。在其他行业，我们已经掌握随机现象的概念，这些现象不作为个体预测，而是可以作为一个整体来处理的。共同基金经理不期望每一个投资都有同样的回报，精算师们也不期望每个人都能精确地生活在预期寿命中。共同基金或保险公司的全部目的是创建一个不可预测的实体组合，这些实体在总

5、体收益率上是用于统计预测的。倘若有足够大型的研究组合，以及有足够的时间让它们结出硕果，这种记录是清晰的：科学是一项巨大的、非常可预测的投资。然而，政府或工业界的资助者并不是这样看待科学的。因此，项目受到完全不符合其性质的审查。获得科研经费最可靠的途径是提前预测研究成果，保证低风险的失败，并从研究成果向大商业应用的角度说明清晰、确定的路径。3. 单选题The dilemma I was caught in several years ago bears a close（ ）to the one you are involved in today, so perhaps I can give you some advice.问题1选项A.likenessB.resemblanceC.analogyD.familiarity【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: likeness “相像；相似物；样子”；B: resemblance “相似性”；C: analogy“类比，类似”；D: familiarity “熟悉，精通”。句意：几年之前我经历的困境和你现在所处的困境是极其相似的，所以也

6、许我能给你一些建议。结合此处语境，谈及到两者具有相似性，因此B为正确答案。4. 单选题He spoke so（ ）that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.问题1选项A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A选项 bluntly “坦率地，率直地”；B选项 convincingly “使人信服地，有说服力地”；C选项 emphatically “坚决地，断然地”；D选项 determinedly “决然地，断然地”。句意：他讲得如此有说服力，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所折服。结合此处句意，B选项正确。5. 单选题The greatest advantage of the market economy is that it can（ ）the distribution of the natural resources and manpower.问题1选项A.optimizeB.maximizeC.minimizeD.all

7、ocate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: optimize “使最优化；使尽可能有效” ；B: maximize “最大化”；C: minimize “最小化”；D: allocate “分配”。句意：市场经济的最大优势是它能最优化自然资源和人力的分配。结合语境，由前文谈及了市场经济的优势，以及宾语“distribution分配”可知，A为正确答案。6. 单选题Since the country has been suffering from（ ）financial crisis in the last two decades, the domestic market always fluctuates.问题1选项A.intermittentB.irregularC.randomD.queer【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A: intermittent“间歇的；断断续续的” ；B: irregular “不规则的”；C: random “随机的”；D: queer“奇怪的，反常的”。句意：由于该国在过去二十年中一直遭受间歇性的金融危机，国内市场总是波动。结合此处语境，

8、A为正确答案。7. 填空题In the past castles were normally classified as military engineering and banished (1) _ the architectural scene at once. Today, architects and engineers (2) _far more closely linked (3) _ in the past; we are therefore ready to (4) _ the idea, because a castle was designed (5) _ a well-protected home (6) _its occupants (7) _qualities which we can recognize (8) _ essentially architectural. Once the site (9) _ the castle had been chosen (10) _ form would be dictated (11) _ the material

9、s with which it (12) _ to be built and the many services (13) _ had to provide for those (14) _ its walls. (15) _ its chief role was a defensive (16) _, in times of peace it (17) _ be expected to act (18) _the centre of local government, a hall (19) _justice or perhaps (20) _ a prison.【答案】1.from2.are3.than4.develop5.as6.for7.with8.as9.for10.the11.by12.ought13.which14.within15.While16.building17.can18.as19.of20.as【解析】1.考查固定搭配。be banished from. “放逐；把从驱逐、赶出”。结合句意得知正确答案为from。2.考查时态。根据上文today表示现在时，architects and engineers为复数，因此填入are。3.考查固定搭配。由前文far more + adj.可知此处表示比较级，因此填入than。4.考查动词。根据下文the idea可知此处大意为：我们会形成一种想法。结合语境，develop最为合适。5.考查介词。根据上下文可知，此处应该填入介词，并且表示一

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