2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷57

1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly

2、interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa. In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we

3、also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.1.

4、Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of “environment” as the author sees it?2.According to the author the concept of “environment” is difficult to explain because（ ）.3.In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that（ ）.4.As for culture, the author points out that（ ）.5.In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.Elaborate.B.PrejudicedC.Faultless.D.Oversimplified.问题2选项A.it doesnt distinguish between the organism

5、 and the environmentB.it involves both internal and external forcesC.the organism and the environment influence each otherD.the relationship between the organism and environment is unclear问题3选项A.biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to manB.man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forcesC.man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environmentD.physical and biological factors exert more influence on other orga

6、nism than on man问题4选项A.it develops side by side with environmental factorsB.it is also affected by environmentC.it is generally accepted to be part of the environmentD.it is a product of mans biological instincts问题5选项A.the interpretation of the term “environment”B.the discussion of the organism and biological environmentC.the comparison between internal and external factors influencing manD.the evaluation of mans influence on culture【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个选项最能描述作者对环

7、境这个词的描述？”文章第二句话提到“区分有机体和周围环境，以及将作用于有机体的力分为内部的、生物的、外部的和环境的看起来很容易”（It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental），所以可以看出来作者认为把对环境的描述过于简单化，选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为环境这个概念很难被解释是因为什么？”文章第三句提到“但是在实际中，这个体系在很多方面上都不成立，因为有机体和环境不断在相互作用，因此环境被有机体改变，反过来也如此”（But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the

8、organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa），选项C“有机体与环境相互影响”符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。题目问的是“关于环境因素作用在人类身上的分析，作者有什么建议？”文章倒数第二句话提到“但是人类一直是文化的拥有者；如果研究人类文化，我们会发现，反过来，它被气候和地理位置等环境因素改变着”（But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography），因此，选项C “人类被文化环境和自然环境改变”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“关于文化，作者指出了什么？”文章倒数第二句话提到“但是

9、人类一直是文化的拥有者；如果研究人类文化，我们会发现，反过来，它被气候和地理位置等环境因素改变着”（But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography），由此可知，文化也是受环境因素影响的，因此选项B“它也受环境的影响”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“作者主要阐述了什么问题？”文章第一句话提到“虽然环境这个概念很难理解，甚至可能被误解，但是我们没有别的替代物”（The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute），之后都是围绕这个话题展开，由此可知文章主要阐述的就是对“环境”这个术语的解释。选项A“对“环境”的解释”符合题意。2. 单选题The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of paper, but as a record of（ ）.问题1选项A.organized geographical informationB.geographical organized informationC.geographically organized informationD.organized geographically information

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