2021届高考英语二轮复习专项解密13阅读理解之细节理解题含解析

1、解密13 阅读理解之细节理解题序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。【备考建议】做细节理解题时，应该注意以下的命题方式：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；3. 以According to 开头提问方式；4. 以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are a

2、dvised_.（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that_.（3）It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_.（4）If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be, you may visit_.（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_.（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to_.5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速

3、地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句仔细品味，对照比较确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确

4、的判断此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-描写类细节题描写类细节题，常常考查考生对文中有关人物动作、思想感情、心理活动、观点，或事件的起因、发展、过程、结果等方面的理解。这类描写信息往往较直接，一般不太需要考生对它们进行较深入的理解，对于该类题，考生一般都可以较直接地从原文中找到与题目对应的有关信息。【真题对点析】1（2020海南高考真题）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare

5、of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the worlds oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although clos

6、e together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rain

7、forests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it wont keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.1What can we l

8、earn about rainforests from the first paragraph?AThey produce oxygen.BThey cover a vast area.CThey are well managed.DThey are rich in wildlife.2Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?AHeavy rainsBBig trees.CSmall plants.DForest animals.3Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?AFor more sunlight.BFor more growing space.CFor self-protection.DFor the detection of insects.4What can be a suitable title for the text?ALife-Giving Rainf

9、orestsBThe Law of the JungleCAnimals in the AmazonDWeather in Rainforests【答案】1D2B【分析】本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气就占全球氧气总量的1/3。1细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。2细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。【对点模拟练】1During the cold winter days, there are some interest

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