TheComparisonbetweentheChineseGrammarofWesternZhouDynastyandModernEnglishGrammar

1、The Comparison between the Chinese Grammar of Western Zhou Dynasty and Modern English Grammar【关键词】对比西周汉语语法英语语法词语活用省略倒装1.IntruductionThe communication between people can not be conducted without language, so does the development of the society. Both Chinese and English are two kinds of human language, developing with the society. One language has certain influence on other languages, so the comparison between the Chinese Grammar of Western Zhou Dynasty and the Modern Chinese Grammar is feasible.

2、Through comparison, a lot of similarities have been found between English grammar and Ancient Chinese grammar. Among them there are some specific phenomena that are not repeatable and some are generally existed. The specific phenomenon should be cast out. As the result, I am writing to compare Chinese grammar of Western Zhou Dynasty with English grammar from these three different scopes, the conversion of the word, omission, inverted sentence. At present stage, there are great many studies on En

3、glish and ancient Chinese respectively. But there are few studies of the comparison between these two. On the base of this, this kind of comparison will promote the comparative study of the language to a higher order of existence.2.Conversion Conversion is one of the rhetorical devices refers to that one words part of speech changes into another part of speech in order to meet some special need. So it is also called the rotating type. On the contrary, Regular usage of their part of speech is the

4、ir basic use. There also are differences between the basic use and the flexible use. In the 1920s, Guoze Chen put out of the concept of the conversion for the first time in the book named the syntax of the country. And this have been admitted by people and also got great attention. Conversion in English refer to the part of speech of one word is turned into another part of speech of another word. The definition of conversion in English is the same as Chinese. Moreover, Conversion was particularl

5、y common in ancient Chinese and English.2.1 Conversion of the nounConversion of the noun in Western Zhou dynasty is also called the flexible use of the noun. But the noun works as adverbial modifier, attribute and the predicate in the Judgment sentence can not be defined as the conversion of the noun, because those are among basic usages of the nouns. Following are some concrete conversion.First, the noun is used flexibly as general verb. In the era of Yin and Shang dynasty, it was an uncommon p

6、henomenon that the noun could be used flexibly as the verb. Then, until the era of Western Zhou Dynasty, this kind of phenomenon appeared and developed quickly.eg.采菽采菽,筐之莒之(诗经小雅采菽)in this sentence， the originalnoun“筐”here works as a verb. The meaning is to hold with the basket. This kind of usage has only appeared in the Book of Songs once. We cant find out this kind of筐 in other literatures of Western Zhou Dynasty as well.“莒” was originally a noun,too. It means the round bamboo basket, Which me

7、ans holding the things with the bamboo basket.Second, the meaning of the noun has been changed. In Yin and Shang dynasty, we can see the satisfactory example that meaning change of nouns. In era of Western Zhou Dynasty, we still could see this kind of example, but not common enough.eg.时迈其绑,昊天其子之。（诗经周颂时迈）“时迈其绑”in the sentence means“Make an visit to those friendly nation”。昊天其子之means“God regards me as the son”. The part of speech of“子” here is changed in purpose. The original meaning of“子” is the s

8、on, the child. Third, change the way of nouns usage. It was the position noun in Western Zhou Dynasty, but not the common noun that has this usage.eg.我疆我理，南东其亩。（诗经小雅信南山）Originally meaning of“疆”and“理”is the bound of the field. The two are used as the general verb. This sentence means, We divide field circles and dig the irrigation canals and ditches.南东 these two words have parallel meaning. It is position noun that means enablesSouthwards or eastwards.Forth, noun uses as“asnoun”. If a noun is use

9、d flexibly as a verb, it means as something. If so, that this noun has been converted to be the verb.eg,命汝酮训，临君周绑。（尚书顾命）“临”in the sentence has the meaning of reasonable management of the country。But the“君” here is the noun that is used as the verb. Here“君周邦”means working as Zhou Bangs monarch. In the era in Western Zhou Dynasty,“君” was usually used as nouns and seldom used as the verb. In English, there are also different types of conversion of the nouns.First, in English, there are quite a lot of noun that can be used as the verb. A lot of the nouns that expresses the things can be used as the verb to have the meaning of movements.eg.I have booked a ticket.(book here is noun originally but it has been changed into the verb and there is object ticket after that.) Second, Some nouns that can express the body position can be used as verbs too.eg. W

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