英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

1、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子从结构上分：1简单句2.并列句（并列复合句）3 复合句（主从复合句）1）名词性从句：（1）主从（2）宾从 表从 同从2）形容词性从句定从（限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3）副词性从句（状从）简单句的五种基本句型五种句子的基本结构，主谓 主谓宾 主系表主谓双宾语（间宾直宾）主谓复合宾语（:宾+宾补）主语（subject）:是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词）Seeing is believi ng.（动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elepha nt is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study En

2、 glish. He likes play ing the games.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten.（数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）My watch is go ne / missi ng / lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to sayI m poor, I can （不定式buy a ring.The questi on is whether they will come.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有befeel （摸起来，sou nd （听起来）,look （看起来），taste （尝、吃起来），smell （闻起来）eep, stay ,remain （保持，仍是）get, become, turnl feel （感觉）It sounds a good idea.Her voice sou

3、nds sweet.The sound sounds stra nge.Tom looks thi n.第#页共14页The food smells delicious.The door rema ins ope n.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.宾语 1）动作的承受者-动宾I like Chi na.（名词） He hates you.（代词） How many do you n eed? We n eed two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy worki ng with you.（动名词）I hope to see you aga in.（不定式）Did you write dow n what he said?（宾语从句）2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the sn ake? Un der the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book

4、yesterday. Give the poor man some mon ey.宾补对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him mon itor.（名词）We all thi nk it a pity that she did n（名）ome here.We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.（副词）Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don t let him do that.（省 to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a less on. （带 to 不定式）Don t keep the lights burning.（现在分词）I ll have my bike repaired.（过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。He was elected mon itor.She was found singing in the n ext room.He was advised to teach the lazy bo

5、y a less on. 定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yan li ng is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词）We belo ng to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a less on.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.（ 副词）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（ 介词）The boys playi ng football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees pla nted last year are grow ing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everyth ing that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰 v., adj., adv., or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的

6、、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步怎样划分英语句子中的成分？怎样划分英语句子中的成分？主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语分别有什么用法，应该怎样划分？首先，要熟悉五种句子的 基本结构，其次，要系统学习名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词等此类，了解什么词可以充当句中的什么 要素。一般的，名词做主语和宾语，动词作谓语，形容词修饰名词和做表语，副词修饰句子或者动词定语、状语一、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰 some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时， （如：something、nothing ）;或不定式、分词 短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen .（little 修饰名词boy; blue修饰名词pe n.） /小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tom is a handsome boy./Tom 是个英俊的男孩。There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。数词作定语相当于

7、形容词：Two boys n eed two pen s./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The two boys are stude nts./这两个男孩是学生。There are two boys in the room./ 房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Toms pen./他的男孩需要 Tom的钢笔。His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom n eeds a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。There are two boys of 9,a nd three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语：The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pe

8、n in the pencil box./ 这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen ./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是 Tom。不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter n eeds a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这圭寸信的男孩是汤姆。There is nothing to do today./ 今天无事要做。分词（短语）作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China./ 她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。定语从句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yes

9、terday./ 那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。There are five boys who will play the game./ 参加游戏的男孩有五个。二、状语：|状语修饰动词、形容词、畐恫或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目 的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时， 通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须 在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如： ofte n）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于 be动词、助动词、 情态动词之后，动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom. 一般理解成 男孩喊教室里的女孩 （此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为 男孩在教室里喊女孩（此时in the classroom 为地点状语），最好写作 In the classroom,the boy calls the girl副词（短语）作状语：The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy needs very much the pen boug

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