语法术语称谓

1、词法 morphology层次 rank词类 part of speech 词性 part of speech实词 notional word虚词 structural word单纯词 simple word 派生词 derivative名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concrete noun物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun介词 preposition连词 conjunction动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词 auxiliary verb情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb限定动词 finite ve

2、rb非限定动词 infinite verb使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation形容词adjective副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adver b of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interrogative adverb关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrog ative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessi

3、ve pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article定冠词 definite article不定冠词indefinite article数，numeral基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral形式 form单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form从句clause从属句 subordinate clause并歹峋 coordinate clause名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive clause状语从句 adverbial clause宾语从句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clau

4、se of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition句子 sentencecomplex sentence简单句 simple sentence 并歹峋 compound sentence 复合句 并歹U复合句 compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question附力口疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive qu

5、estion存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence省略句 elliptical sentence感叹句 exclamatory sentence句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject 谓语 predicate 宾语 object双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement主补 subject complement 宾补 object complement表语 predicative定语 attribute同位语 appositive状语 adverbial句法关系 syntactic relationship并歹U coordinate 从属 subordination修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification后置修饰 post

6、-modification限制 restriction双重PM制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction数 number单数形式 singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case性 gender阳性 masculine 阴性 feminine 通性 common 中性 neuter人称person第一人称 first perso n 第二人称 second person第三人称 third person时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时 present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simpl

7、e tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice被动语态 passive voice语气mood陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation全音B否定 full negation局夸B否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation语序 order自然语序 natural order全部侄装 full

8、inversion直接弓 I语 direct speech倒装语序 inversion1分倒装 partial inversion间接弓 I语 indirect speech自由直接弓I语 free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement就近原贝 U principle of proximity强调 emphasis 重复 repetition语音 pronunciation语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone文体style 正式文体formal 非正式文体 informal套语 formulaic expression感情色彩 emotional coloring褒义 commendatory 贬义 derogatory幽默 humorous 讽刺 sarcastic 挖苦 ironic

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