中考英语语法复习专题-第4讲 动词被动语态（解析版）

1、2023年中考英语语法复习专题-第4讲 动词被动语态（解析版）一 考情分析广东省卷近5年中考考点解读考点题型20222021202020192018一般现在时一般过去时单项填空were ordered语法选择were asked were invitedwere invented 短文填空were given一般将来时单项填空will be built含有情态动词分析广东省卷近10年中考真题可知，语法选择中2年考查了3道被动语态。往年单项填空每年必考1道动词的语态，选项设置大多是两种时态结合两种语态，而对其时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。解答此类试题，考生应做到以下几点：1.观察语境，确定题目所用的时态；2.分析选项，若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项(be+过去分词)，则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态，由此可排除两个主动语态的选项；3.根据时态判断出正确的答案。二知识导图三动词语态基本知识1.定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。简单来说，就是判断谓语动作是否是主语

2、发出的，如果是，一般为主动语态，如果不是，通常是被动语态。一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态。如：She opened the window. 她打开了这扇窗户。(主动语态)The window was opened. 这扇窗被打开了。(被动语态)2. 被动语态的构成被动语态由“be+动词的过去分词”构成。be动词的变化体现时态的变化，过去分词的形式不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。四中考主要的四种被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态。构成：主语be(am/is/are)动词的过去分词by sb./to do sth如：Our house is cleaned by my sister every day. 我们的房子每天由我姐姐打扫。(肯定句)Our house isnt cleaned by my sister every day. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not)Is our house cleaned by my sister every day? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)2.一般过去时的被动语态。构成：主语be(was/were)动词的过去分词by

3、 sb./to do sth如：The pen was bought by my father yesterday. 这支钢笔是我爸爸昨天买的。The pen wasnt bought by my father yesterday. (否定句，在was/were后加not)Was the pen bought by my father yesterday? (一般疑问句，把was/were提到句首) 3.一般将来时的被动语态。构成：（1）主语will be动词的过去分词by sb./to do sth（2）主语be(am/is/are)going to be动词的过去分词 by sb./to do sth如：(1)These trees will be planted tomorrow. 这些树明天将被种植。These trees wont be planted tomorrow. (否定句，在will后加not)Will these trees be planted tomorrow? (一般疑问句，把will提到句首)(2)The meeting is going to be he

4、ld next week. 会议将于下周召开。The meeting isnt going to be held next week. (否定句，在am/is/are后加not) Is the meeting going to be held next week? (一般疑问句，把am/is/are提到句首)4.含有情态动词的被动语态。构成：主语情态动词be过去分词by sb./to do sth如：The plan should be made as soon as possible. 这项计划应该尽早制订出来。The plan shouldnt be made as soon as possible. (否定句，主语情态动词not be done)Should the plan be made as soon as possible? (一般疑问句，情态动词主语be done)What should be made as soon as possible? (特殊疑问句， 特殊疑问词情态动词 (主语)be done)五 被动语态的使用方法1. 把主动语态变为被动语态的方法。(1)把

5、原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。(2)把动词变为被动形式，即be过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。(3)原主动句的主语若需要，则放在by后面并以它的宾格形式出现(代词的宾格)，如不需要则可省略。(4)其他成分(定语、状语)不变。We bought some books.（主动语态）some books were bought by us.（被动语态）六 使用被动语态应注意的几个方面1. 使役动词的被动语态。常见的使役动词为make、let、keep、have、get等，see、hear、notice等为感官动词，使役动词的句子在表达主动意义时，动词do前面没有to，但在被动语态中要加to。即：主动：make / see / watch / notice / hear sb. do sth.被动：sb. be made / seen / watched / noticed / heard to do sth.e.g.: I made the baby cry.(主动语态)=The baby was made to cry by me.(被动语态)2. 双宾

6、语的被动语态。(1)间接宾语(人)变成被动语态的主语，直接宾语(物)仍保留在原位。e.g.: She gave me a book just now.=I was given a book by her just now(2)间接宾语(物)变成被动语态的主语，间接宾语(人)前加介词to或for。e.g.:She gave me a book just now.=A book was given to me by her just now3. 感官动词(look、 smell、 taste、 sound、 feel)用主动语态表被动。e.g.: The music sounds sweet4. 不及物动词(happen、take place、 cost、break out、 spread、 belong to等)没有被动语态。e.g.: News spreads fast on WeChat today.5.动词短语变成被动语态时不能少掉其中的介词或副词。e.g.: The nurse looks after the patient well.=The patient is looked

7、 after well by the nurse6.open、 lock、 write、 read、 sell、 clean、 wash、 cut、 drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时，可用主动语态表被动。e.g.: This kind of shirt washes well.The pen writes smoothly7.动词ing形式表被动的动词need, require作“需要”讲时，其后常跟动词ing表被动。等同于不定式后的被动语态。 The bike needs mending. = The bike needs to be mended. be worth doing sth.值得做某事 The book is well worth reading.七方法技巧被动语态在语法选择中的运用分析广东省卷近3年中考真题可知，在语法选择中，被动语态考查了3次，均考查一般过去时的被动语态。考生在做题时需注意以下两点：(1)判断主语和谓语之间的关系是主动还是被动；(2) 判断被动语态的时态和数的变化：联系上下文，确定被动语态的时态；助动词be要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。例

8、：(2022广东)Students in the school _37_ to get up at 6：45 am. to practice their basic skills, but Wang got up at 6：00 in the morning.()37. A. askB. askedC. were asked解析：由句意“在这个学校的学生们被要求在早上6：45起床”可知，主语Students是谓语动词ask的承受者，由下文的got可知，此处时态为一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。()37. A. askB. askedC. were asked一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时的被动语态被动语态在短文填空中的运用 分析广东省卷近5年中考真题可知，在短文填空中，被动语态考查了1次，考查的是一般过去时的被动语态。在做题时，需先分析句子所缺成分，再根据主语和谓语之间的关系判断语态。例：(2018广东)Once, Will and his brother Harry _73_ given a job to rebuild a broken brick(砖) wall

9、 in the yard.The wall was fifty feet wide and around sixteen feet high.解析：主语Will and his brother Harry表复数，是谓语动词give的承受者，用被动语态，由下文的was可知，此处时态是一般过去时，助动词也用一般过去时，故用were。广东中考真题( )1.(2021广东)Some people to check out the bridge before the opening. Jerry was one of them. A. are invitingB. are invitedC. were invitedD. were inviting解析： C 句意：有些人被邀请在开放前去参观。杰里就是其中之一。根据 Jerry was.可知用一般过去时态，根据people和invite之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；故选D。( )2.(2020广东)He told them that kites _ in China more than 2，000 years ago A.invent B.invented C.are invented

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