2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷94（附答案带详解）

1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的)tragedy was the provocation. The observer of Wars is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical

2、composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive. Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of

3、tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress. University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are she

4、d in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a memos of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane Universitys Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication (药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable, to study

5、 the causes of ”dry eye syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University Dr. Liasy Fads and colleagues are studying tears for clues Io the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.1.It is known from the first paragraph that （ ）.2.What does “both those responses to tears (Line 6, Para, 1) ref

6、er to?3.“Counterproductive”(Lines 7, Para, 1) very probably means “ （ ）”.4.What does the author say about crying?5.What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?问题1选项A.shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB.crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC.crying usually wire sympathy from other peopleD.one who sheds tears in public will be blamed问题2选项A.Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B.The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers

7、.C.The tear shedders apology and the observers effort to stop the crying.D.Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.问题3选项A.having no effect at allB.leading to tensionC.producing disastrous impactD.harmful to health问题4选项A.It is a pointless physiological response to the environmentB.it must have a role to play in mans survivalC.It is meant to get attention and assistance.D.It usually produces the desired effect.问题5选项A.Emotional tears have the function of reducing s

8、tress.B.Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional terns.C.Emotional tears can give rise to dry eye syndrome in some casesD.Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段主要讲述了哭泣的负面影响。第一段第二句Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed提到眼泪会让美国人感到不舒服以及尴尬，所以选项A符合题意。2.文章第一段提到两种对于哭泣的反应，第一种 “哭泣好像在为了某事在道歉” （The shedder of tears is likely to apologize），第二种反应是 “去阻止某人哭泣” （is li

9、kely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring），选项C符合题意。3.文章第一段最后一句 both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive，从even这个词可知counterproductive 比inappropriate要更强烈，选项D符合题意。4.文章第一段it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival提到眼泪在生存中的作用很大，选项B符合题意。5.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到眼泪的作用之一：perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants，选项A符合题意。2. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably （ ）report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.问题1选项A.conciseB.briskC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。 concise “简明的，简洁的”； brisk “敏锐的，活泼的”；precise “精确的；明确的”；elaborate “精心制作的；详尽的”。句意：新秘书写了一份相当简洁的报告，只用了几百个单词却包含了所有重要细节。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题I t

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