2012届高考英语语法精品学案：专题十四 主谓一致与数词

1、 主谓一致在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三个方面。一、使用复数谓语动词的情况1由and, bothand连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Both the teacher and the students are working hard. 但当and 连接的两个名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二个名词前没有冠词等限定词时；另外，and连接的两个名词前有each，every等修饰语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The knife and fork lies on the table. 2“the形容词或过去分词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The wounded were sent to the hospital at once. 3the people/cattle/police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：After hearing the news, the people present were all crying. 二、使用单数谓语动词的情况1单数名词、

2、不可数名词、不定代词，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished. 2不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Looking after the baby is my job. 3学科名词，以s结尾的单数名词，以s结尾的书名、报纸杂志名、地方、组织名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Physics is hard to study. 4单数名词 with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 三、使用就近原则的情

3、况or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如：Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball，otherwise they would take part in the basketball match. 四、集体名词作主语时主谓一致的情况若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若侧重于个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：class, family，population, committee等。如：The whole family are farmers. 五、几个具体情况1none作主语时，谓语动词多用复数形式，也可用单数形式。如：None of this money is yours. None of these suggestions are very helpful. 2a number of复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式，the number of复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of

4、 students study at home nowadays on weekends. The number of students in my class is 63. 3one of复数名词，后面跟定语从句时，谓语动词用复数形式，即与复数名词一致；the (only) one of复数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，即与the (only) one一致。如：He is one of the students who are against the plan. The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom. 4“some复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式； some单数名词作主语时，some意为“某个”，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Some student is on duty today. Some students in my class are very lazy. 5trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但a pair of的结构作主语时，

5、谓语动词用单数形式。如：This pair of glasses is expensive. 6单复数同形的名词作主语。英语中一些单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据其表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数，常见的这类名词有works(工厂)，police(警察)，sheep(绵羊)，deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)，means(方法)，species(种类)，Chinese(中国人)，Japanese(日本人)；Swiss(瑞士人)；series(系列)等。如：Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 7what /whoever /which引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要看what /whoever /which所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。如：What he said is true. What we need are more volunteers. 8“分数(百分数)of 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据名词确定。如：Onet

6、hird of us are boys. Twofifths of water is clear. 9 “more than one /many a 单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。但“more than 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。数词数词分为基数词、序数词、分数、小数和概数。复习时要注意下面问题：1基数词的意义：表示事物数量的多少，特别是hundred，thousand，million等，前面若有基数词或某些表示数量的形容词时，它们只能用单数。2序数词一般由基数词th构成。以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时，先把y变为i，再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不规则的序数词有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the，但序数词不表示顺序而表示“再一；又一”时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)。 3另外要注意年代的表达“the年代s或the 年代s”和名词与数词的关系：“the序数词名词” 或 “名词基数词”等。4分数的形式：分子用基数词，分母

7、用序数词，当基数词大于“1”时，序数词要用复数形式。5小数的组成和读法：小数点读作point，小数点前面的数按基数词的方法读，小数点后面的数按数字读。1单句改错(1)One or perhaps more pages is missing. 【解析】 is改为are。由or连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与靠近它的主语一致。(2)Large quantities of food was carried to the city. 【解析】 was改为were。“large quantities of复数名词或不可数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，即与quantities一致。(3)All he said are wrong. 【解析】 are改为is。all 作主语时，若all为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式，若all为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。(4)The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon. 【解析】 are改为is。当as well as连接两个名词时，谓

8、语动词与前面一个名词保持一致。2【误】 Several millions people in the world are sending information by email every day. 【正】 Several million people in the world are sending information by email every day. 【解析】 在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或 several等词修饰时，要用单数形式。但在表示不确切数目时用复数，如：表示“数百万”，应为millions of。3The company had about 20 computers but only onethird _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere【误】 学生可能以为onethird是分数，谓语动词应该用单数而误选A 或C; 另外学生也可能不确定句子的时态而误选B。【正】 答案为D。【解析】 本题中的onethird指代的是compute

9、rs的三分之一，因此此处谓语动词要用复数形式，且该句话说的是过去的事情。12009山东卷 The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990. Ais Bare Chas been Dhave been【解析】 C主语是 the number，故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1990，所以用完成时态。2Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area _ invited. Awere Bhave beenChas been Dwas【解析】 D由and连接的两个名词同时被every，each或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。再从问句的 last night可以看出，应为过去时。32009四川卷 The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. Aare; were Bis; wereCare; was Dis; was【解析】 D第一空谓语要和the teacher

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