Computer virus电脑病毒英语论文翻译

1、Computer virusAbstract: A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer. The term virus is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable code) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or

2、 carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD, or USB drive.Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer.As stated above, the term computer virus is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to include all types of malware, even those that do not have the reproductive ability. Malware includes computer viruses, computer worms, Trojan horses, most rootkits, spyware

3、, dishonest adware and other malicious and unwanted software, including true viruses. Viruses are sometimes confused with worms and Trojan horses, which are technically different. A worm can exploit security vulnerabilities to spread itself automatically to other computers through networks, while a Trojan horse is a program that appears harmless but hides malicious functions. Worms and Trojan horses, like viruses, may harm a computer systems data or performance. Some viruses and other malware ha

4、ve symptoms noticeable to the computer user, but many are surreptitious or simply do nothing to call attention to themselves. Some viruses do nothing beyond reproducing themselves.Key Words: Computer virus、virus、Malware.Introduction section：The first academic work on the theory of computer viruses (although the term computer virus was not invented at that time) was done by John von Neumann in 1949 who held lectures at the University of Illinois about the Theory and Organization of Complicated Au

5、tomata. The work of von Neumann was later published as the Theory of self-reproducing automata. In his essay von Neumann postulated that a computer program could reproduce.In 1972 Veith Risak published his article Selbstreproduzierende Automaten mit minimaler Informationsbertragung (Self-reproducing automata with minimal information exchange).The article describes a fully functional virus written in assembler language for a SIEMENS 4004/35 computer system.In 1980 Jrgen Kraus wrote his diplom the

6、sis Selbstreproduktion bei Programmen (Self-reproduction of programs) at the University of Dortmund.In his work Kraus postulated that computer programs can behave in a way similar to biological viruses.In 1984 Fred Cohen from the University of Southern California wrote his paper Computer Viruses - Theory and Experiments.It was the first paper to explicitly call a self-reproducing program a virus; a term introduced by his mentor Leonard Adleman.An article that describes useful virus functionaliti

7、es was published by J. B. Gunn under the title Use of virus functions to provide a virtual APL interpreter under user control in 1984.The Terminal Man, a science fiction novel by Michael Crichton (1972), told (as a sideline story) of a computer with telephone modem dialing capability, which had been programmed to randomly dial phone numbers until it hit a modem that is answered by another computer. It then attempted to program the answering computer with its own program, so that the second compu

8、ter would also begin dialing random numbers, in search of yet another computer to program. The program is assumed to spread exponentially through susceptible computers.The actual term virus was first used in David Gerrolds 1972 novel, When HARLIE Was One. In that novel, a sentient computer named HARLIE writes viral software to retrieve damaging personal information from other computers to blackmail the man who wants to turn him off.The Creeper virus was first detected on ARPANET, the forerunner

9、of the Internet, in the early 1970s. Creeper was an experimental self-replicating program written by Bob Thomas at BBN Technologies in 1971. Creeper used the ARPANET to infect DEC PDP-10 computers running the TENEX operating system. Creeper gained access via the ARPANET and copied itself to the remote system where the message, Im the creeper, catch me if you can! was displayed. The Reaper program was created to delete Creeper.A program called Elk Cloner was the first computer virus to appear in the wild that is, outside the single computer or lab where it was created.Written in 1981 by Richard Skrenta, it attached itself to the Apple DOS 3.3 operating system and spread via floppy disk. This virus, created as a practical joke when Skrenta was still in high school, was injected in a game on a floppy disk. On its 50th use the Elk Cloner virus would be activated, infecting the computer and displaying a short poem beginnin

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