面向方面的实时系统开发方法硕士学位终稿

1、硕士学位论文面向方面的实时系统开发方法 / 摘要现代软件开发都要把整个系统按功能分解为小的单元,然后开发这些小单元,这些小的单元隐藏部实现,对外提供接口,最后组合这些单元为整个系统,实现整个系统的功能。但是系统中有的方面是横切整个系统的非功能关注点,无法很好地封装在单个模块中。如日志、性能问题、安全、上下文相关错误处理、QoS监测等等,这些方面分散在整个系统中,并且与系统的功能代码纠缠在一起,这样降低了模块的可追踪性、模块的可重用性、系统的可维护性等一系列问题,所以需要分离并模块化这些非功能关注点。面向方面编程在实现上分离和模块化横切关注点,面向方面建模在软件开发的其它阶段用一致的方法来详述、可视化、构造和文档化方面相关制品,这样在整个软件开发过程可以使用面向方面技术。实时系统是面向方面技术很好的应用场所,因为在实时系统中,有很多非功能需求,且这些非功能需求往往横切整个系统。在实时系统中关键的就是时间要求了,这些时间要求散布在整个系统的功能部件里,带来了代码混乱和代码分散问题。本文分析介绍了AspectJ、组合过滤器、多维关注点分离和自适应编程等典型的分离关注点的方法。比较完整的介绍了

2、面向方面建模领域的研究。阐述了实时系统中的主要实时需求,以及与实时系统有关的UML框架集。提出了一个新的扩展UML进行面向方面建模的方法,它以合适的语义表达了AspectJ和AspectC+的元素和织入机制。在这个方法中,方面继承自类,切入点和通知继承自特征,这样切入点和通知是方面的一部分,方面与基本类的关系用横切依赖表示。切入点的图符可以表达多个方面在相同连接点的横切行为,通知以一致的方式建模结构横切和行为横切,通过在顺序图上新加一个通知发出焦点,并将通知表示为消息,这样可以清晰建模通知在何时何处怎样影响系统的行为。并分析了如何将这个方法应用于实时系统开发。关键词：面向方面编程；面向方面软件开发；实时系统；UMLAbstractUsing modern software development methodology, developers first decompose system into small units, which hide the internal implementation and provide only external interfaces, then

3、implement these units, at last compose these units to get a full system and realize required functions. But there are some non-functional concerns which crosscut whole system and cant be well encapsulated into a single module, such as logging, performance analysis, security, context related error handling, QoS monitoring, etc. These aspects are scattered and tangled in whole system, decreasing software traceability, reusability, adaptability. So these non-functional concerns should be separated

4、and modularized.Aspect-Oriented Programming separates and modularizes crosscutting concerns at implementation stage. Aspect-Oriented Modeling specifies, visualizes, constructs and documents aspect related artifacts in a consistent way at other stage of software development. Thus whole software development process can use aspect-oriented technique.Real-time systems are well places to apply aspect-oriented technique, for there are lots of non-functional requirements in real-time system, which scat

5、tering in whole system. The codes related with timing are mixed with other codes, resulting in code scattering and tangling.This article considersvarious techniques to separatecrosscutting concerns, namely AspectJ, AspectC+, Composition Filters, Hyperspaceand Adaptive Programming; summarizes the researches in AOM domain; analyses real-time systems timing requirements and UML profiles for real-time systems.This article proposes a new technique to modeling aspect-oriented constructs and mechanisms

6、 by extending UML, which can represent constructs and weaving mechanism of AspectJ and AspectC+ with appropriate semantics. In this method, aspect is subclass of class; pointcut and advice are derived from feature, thus pointcut and advice are parts of aspect; relationship between aspects and base class is represented by special crosscut dependency. The notation of pointcut can express crosscutting behavior of many aspects at same join point. Advice can model structural crosscutting and behavior

7、 crosscutting in a uniform way. By adding a new block, advice sending focus, in sequence diagram and regard advice as message, this method can clearly model where and when and how advices affect system behavior. The article also examines how this technique can be practiced in real-time systems development.Keywords:AOP；AOSD；real-time systems；UML目录摘要IAbstractII目录VContentsVII第一章绪论11.1 研究背景11.2研究意义21.3面向方面技术在实时系统中的应用31.4 研究容4第二章分离关注点的方法52.1 AspectJ52.2 AspectC+72.3 组合过滤器82.4 Hyperspace132.4.1 多维关注点分

8、离132.4.2 Hyperspace152.4.3 Hyper/J162.5自适应编程17第三章实时系统软件设计213.1 实时系统概念213.2 实时需求213.3 实时UML扩展233.3.1 通用资源建模253.3.2 通用时间建模303.4 实时系统建模工具34第四章面向方面建模354.1 UML的扩展机制354.2 表示连接点364.3用况实现模块化364.4用UML进行面向方面建模37第五章实时方面建模395.1 AOP元素表示395.1.1表示切入点395.1.2表示通知与引入405.1.3 表示方面415.2 举例415.3 用况实现模块化445.4 在类图中加入方面455.5在顺序图中加入方面475.6 其它50结论51参考文献53攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文58独创性声明59致61ContentsAbstractIIContentsVIIChapter1 Introduction11.1 Background11.2 Necessity21.3 Aspect-Oriented Technique in Real-time Systems31.4 Structure

9、of this Thesis4Chapter2 Approaches to Separate Concerns52.1 AspectJ52.2 AspectC+72.3 Composition Filters82.4 Hyperspace132.4.1 MDSOC132.4.2 Hyperspace152.4.3 Hyper/J162.5 Adaptive Programming17Chapter3 Real-time Systems Software Design213.1 Concepts of Real-time System213.2 Timing Requirements213.3 UML Extension for Real-time System233.3.1 General Resource Modeling253.3.2 General Timing Modeling303.4 Tools for Real-time System Modeling34Chapter4 Aspect-Oriented Modeling354.1 UML Extension Mechanism354.2 Join Point Representation364.3 Use Case Modularity Using AOSD364.4 Aspect-Oriented Modeling Using UML37Chapter5 Real-time Aspect Modeling395.1 Modeling Constructs of AOP395.1.1 Modeling Pointc

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