2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题50（附答案详解）

1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The mood of the evening is_ just as it is every year when this topic is brought up.问题1选项A.destroyedB.damagedC.ruinedD.spoiled【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. destroyed破坏；摧毁 B. damaged损害C. ruined毁灭 D. spoiled破坏；破坏的兴致【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“破坏”的意思。空格处是一个被动语态。空格处的动词用来说明mood“心情”被怎么样了。Mood做主语，句意为每当这个话题被提起时，夜晚的心情就被破坏了。只有D选项spoil指破坏的兴致符合句子语境。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项destroy的基本意思是用任何力量“破坏，毁坏”，用于物时，指破坏或毁坏有用的事物; 用于人时，指用武力或暴力“杀死”“毁灭”“消灭”敌人等；B选项damage的基本意思是“损害，伤害”，主要指自然力或人为地在价值、完整性、效能等

2、方面造成损害，一般是局部地、非彻底地、可修复地，可以用于有形物，也可以用于无形物，还可表示对经济信心等造成坏的结果或影响；C选项ruin的基本意思是“破坏，毁掉”，常指因暴力、自然灾害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毁坏，强调倒塌成碎片，也可指健康、声望、容貌、气节、价值等受到严重损坏。以上选项均不能和mood搭配。【句意】就像每年提起这个话题一样，整个晚上的气氛都被破坏了。2. 翻译题The climate of Australia varies greatly from region to region, with a tropical climate in the north, an arid or semiarid climate in much of the interior, and a temperate climate in the south. Despite these variations, the moderating influence of the surrounding oceans and the absence of extensive high mountai

3、n ranges help prevent marked extremes of weather. However, some areas occasionally experience extreme weather conditions, such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe drought. Because Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonal variations, on the whole, are small. Generally, coastal and highland areas, especially in the southeast, are cooler than interior locations, and the north, particularly the northwestern coast, is t

4、he hottest region. The temperate regions of southern Australia have four seasons, with cool winters and warm summers. 【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。3. 单选题Did you notice her pale face? I think she was not quite（ ）at the party yesterday.问题1选项A.herB.sheC.herselfD.itself【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be not oneself“表示身体不

5、舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。4. 单选题Mary once_ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. merged（尤指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失 B. collaborated合作C. coincided一致；符合；同时发生 D. constituted组成；构成【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格后有with表示和一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。5. 单选题What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ult

6、imately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane system, in which certain lanes are reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system; fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manually driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity.Under either scheme, the driver would spe

7、cify the desired destination, furnishing this information to a computer in the car at the beginning of the trip or perhaps just before reaching the automated highway. If a mixed traffic system was in place, automated driving could begin whenever the driver was on suitably equipped roads. If special-purpose lanes were available, the car could enter them and join existing traffic in two different ways. One method would use a special onramp（入口引道）. As the driver approached the point of entry for the

8、 highway, devices installed on the roadside would electronically check the vehicle to determine its destination and to ascertain that it had the proper automation equipment in good working order. Assuming it passed such tests, the driver would then be guided through a gate and toward an automated lane. In this case, the transition from manual to automated control would be shared by automated and regular vehicles. The driver would steer onto the highway and move in normal fashion to a “transition

9、” lane. The vehicle would then shift under computer control onto a lane reserved for automated traffic. The limitation of these lanes to automated traffic would, presumably, be well respected because all trespassers could be swiftly identified by authorities.Either approach to joining, a lane of automated traffic would harmonize the movement of newly entering vehicles with those already traveling. Automatic control here should allow for smooth merging, without the usual uncertainties and potential for accidents. And once a vehicle had settled into automated travel, the driver would be free to release the wheel, open the morning paper or just relax.1.We learn from the first paragraph that two systems automated highways（ ）.2.A special-purpose lane system is probably advantageous in t

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