2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷38（附答案带详解）

1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题People are criticizing the economic policies that have _ the decline of manufacturing industry.问题1选项A.assessedB.acceptedC.accessedD.accelerated【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. assessed 对进行评估 B. accepted 接受；相信C. accessed 接近；进入 D. accelerated 加速；促进【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：人们对制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。根据逻辑，因为是人们批评的，所以应该是人们认为有些经济政策会不利于制造业的发展，可能会加速制造业的衰退，对于这些经济政策人们提出批评。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】人们对加速制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。2. 单选题If you cannot attend the meeting, please find so

2、meone to _ for you.问题1选项A.replaceB.substituteC.displaceD.misplace【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. replace 取代 B. substitute 代替C. displace 取代；替代 D. misplace 随意搁置；乱放【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】substitute for意为“代替；取代”。由句意“如果你不能参加会议，请找人你。”可知该搭配符合句意，意为“如果你不能参加会议，请找人代替你。”因此选A。【干扰项排除】A选项replace“取代”，replace for意为“将取代成”，不符合语境；C选项displace“取代；替代”，不与for搭配；D选项misplace“随意搁置；乱放”不符合语境。【句意】如果你不能参加会议，请找人代替你。3. 单选题Many of the former associates _ him when it became known how he had abused his position of trust.问题1选项A.turned againstB.held

3、 upC.convinced ofD.went on【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. turned against 反对；背叛；采取敌对态度 B. held up 举起；阻挡C. convinced of 使确信 D. went on 继续【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：当他滥用职权的事情被曝光后，很多前同事都他。根据逻辑，因为他滥用职权，那么他的前同事应该是对他持反对态度的。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】当他滥用职权被曝光后，许多前同事都转而反对他。4. 翻译题Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact a little child without k

4、nowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hea

5、rs it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions which come to him in a fresh, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours which he generally shares wit

6、h others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Fina

7、lly, though a childs “teachers” may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.New Efforts to Lean about MarsTwo weeks ago, the United States launched a spaceship named Mars Global Surveyor. It is expected to arrive at Mars next September after traveling about 7 hundred million kilometers. It will orbit the planet. Its main task is to make the most detailed map of Mars. On December 2nd, the

8、United States is to launch another spacecraft Mars Pathfinder. Although the two spacecrafts are not designed to search for life, they will seek out conditions that could support life.Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun the next beyond Earth. It has been a bright object of mystery in the night sky since ancient times. It is named for the Roman God of War. Because of the color of its soil and rocks, Mars is also called the red planet. If life, past or present, is to be found anywhere else in th

9、e solar system, scientists say, Mars is probably the space. They think Mars and Earth were similar as young planets. They believe that young Mars was much warmer and wetter than it is now; and had much thicker atmosphere. Today, Mars atmosphere is less than 1% as thick as Earths. It is mostly carbon dioxide while Earths atmosphere is mainly nitrogen. Mars is about half the size of Earth. It is almost 7,000 kilometers across. It has huge volcanoes and canyon 4,000 kilometers across, the biggest known in the solar system. Mars is also known for great dust storms which sometimes cover the planet. The average temperature on Mars is 53 degrees below zero Celsius. Mars warm atmosphere is 27 above zero.In some places the Martian surface looks like a desert on Earth.

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