1、2023年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题及答案（全套）幸福就好我亦安2023年12月大学英语四级考试阅读理解真题（一）【阅读】Section CDirections： There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.In recent years, a growing body of research has s
2、hown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us.Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV (or a similar distraction) can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.A new study suggested that our short-t
3、erm memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, peoples hunger levels were predicted not by how much theyd eaten but rather by how much food theyd seen in front of themin other words, how much they remembered eating.This disparity (盖弃）suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.Hunger isnt controlled sol
4、ely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal， Brunstrom says. This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our bodys response to the food itself. In a 2023 study, for instance, people who drank the same 3S0-calorie (卡路里）milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels
5、of hunger-related hormones （荷尔蒙），depending on whether the shakes label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought theyd consumed a higher-calorie shake.What does this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight di
6、stractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56. What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A) How we perceive the food we eat. C) When we eat our meals.B) What ingredients the food contains. D) How fast we eat our meals.57. What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal?A) You would probably be more picky about food.B) You would not feel like eating the same food.C) You would have a good appetite.D) You
7、 would not feel so hungry.58. What do we learn from the 2023 study?A) Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B) Food labels may influence our bodys response to food.C) Hunger levels depend on ones consumption of calories.D) People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. What does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?A) Trick ourselves into eating less. C) Concentrate on food while eating.B) Choose food with fewer calories. D) Pick dishes of the right size.
8、60. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B) Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C) Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D) Good eating habits will contribute to our health.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.As a society we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population. Ideally, both high schoo
9、ls and colleges can prepare individuals for the ever-changing roles that are likely to be expected of them.High school degrees offer far less in the way of preparation for work than they might, or than many other nations currently offer, creating a growing skills gap in our economy. We encourage students to go on to college whether they are prepared or not, or have a clear sense of purpose or interest, and now have the highest college dropout rate in the world.We might look to other countries for models of how high schools can offer better training, as well as the development of a work ethic (勤奋工作的美德）and the intellectual skills needed for continued learning and development. I recommend Harvards 2023 Pathways to Prosperity report for more attention to the forgotten half (those who do not go on to college) and ideas about how to address this issue.Simultaneously, the liberal art
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