高中考试英语读后续写微技能训练——如何营造故事场景

1、如何营造故事场景高潮What is a climax of a story?（什么是故事高潮?）More tension=satisfying climax文学故事中的高潮（climax）-故事的主要场景（key scene）也通常是故事的转折点（turning point），是指故事达到最紧张或扣人心弦的那一部分。高潮有时候是剧情中的 危机 点。有时候, 它只是达到关键时刻或者转折点, 发生了一些事情, 或者主角必须做出决定, 从而导致一个结果或其他。我们在分析叙事类故事或者小说故事的时候常常用下面的图表来表示故事情节。常见故事高潮示例：1. A little girl has been searching for her lost dog. All of a sudden, she hears a bark coming from around the corner, and she looks around to see . . .2. Kevin has worked very hard to try out for the soccer team at school. The

2、 coach has posted a list of this years team members on his office door. Kevin walks forward to look at the list . . . .3. Marys parents have been discussing whether or not to move to another state. They call Mary and her sister down to talk with them about their decision . . .4. Lois has performed in the state gymnastics finals. She waits anxiously to hear the names of the winners. The announcer says, And first place goes to . . .文学名著中的一些故事高潮1. The deaths of Romeo (who kills himself because he t

3、hinks Juliet is dead) and Juliet (who kills herself when she awakes and sees Romeo dead). Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare （罗密欧和朱丽叶，莎士比亚）2. When Gaston and the townspeople come to attack the beast, and Belle admits her love for the beast. Beauty and the Beast, Disney （美女与野兽，迪士尼）3. In The Three Little Pigs, suspense builds up until the confrontation between the third pig and the wolf. This confrontation is the climax.（三只小猪）How to create a climax of a story? (如何营造故事的高潮？)方法1.增加外部冲突增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的可以达到故事

4、高潮的方式。冲突带来紧迫感,将故事推向必要的解决或崩溃。1）角色之间的冲突(人物观点差异,竞争需要等)如：2017年11月浙江英语高考：On the fourth or fifth night, we hadtroublefinding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didnt we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous.开车找旅馆-徒劳无功-母亲建议搭帐篷在他人后院-David和我倍感紧张，心有不悦（母子的观点不一）2)角色与环境之间的冲突如：2017年6月浙江英语高考：Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. he saw instantly that it wasnt a dog

5、at all, but awolf: quickly catching up with him. Macs heartjumped. , he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Macs relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, . Then it , tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back Mac骑车独自行，路遇饿狼，与之搏斗，险象环生。（人（角色）-狼（环境）大战）3)时间依赖的发展：决策变得紧急如：2017年6月浙江英语高考：The car abruptly stopped in front of him.Get into the car.Paul shouted at Mac. Macjumpedoff the bike and slid into t

6、he car without delay as the wolf was just two steps away and was about to tearMacinto pieces. What a narrow escape!骑车突停面前-急喊上车-Max上车避险-饿狼近在咫尺（此情此景，刻不容缓）4)增加的障碍：人物角色必须克服挑战,以达到他们的目标例如：2018年6月高考But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten trackandgot lost. We had no idea where we were and it got dark.Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back.小兔突现-马儿受惊-草原迷路（障碍1）-天色渐黑（障碍2）-又累又饿（障碍3）-心理恐慌（障碍4）方法2.放大内心冲突放大内心冲突（你的角色的内心斗争）也有助于建立一个高度紧张和不确定的时刻。现在我们在来看高考

7、读后续写中的内心冲突是如何体现的：2016年10月浙江高考：Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.Jane, exhausted and scared, lay down near a stone, missing her familyat a distance. All the fantastic memory crowded in and she couldnt help crying,Hadnt I quarrelled withTom,walkedaway andclimbedto the high place, I wouldnt be trapped in this awful place, confronted with the danger of dying.”She regretted with endless anxiety, and then became asleep with shining tears in her eyes.夫妇争吵-独自行走-荒野走散-夜色渐黑-独处森林-阴森恐怖-后悔莫及（

8、内心冲突的刻画）内心独白（往昔对比+虚拟语气使用+旁边描写是常见技巧之一）方法3.使用环境描写增加不确定性充分利用环境描写可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用，具体方法可以看上期读后续写微技能。当故事角色在碰到困难时候，我们往往要加大笔墨来描写故事环境的黑暗，恐怖和不祥。强化环境描写增强了高潮元素。我们感受到了紧张的倍增。例1：Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest(黑暗).Even worse, the temperature suddenly dropped dramatically.(寒冷）例2：It didnt take long for the forest to be enveloped in darkness（黑暗）. Her rasping breath steamed（寒冷）in the moonlight and her throat was parched from thirst.如何通过场景营造（mood）Technique 1: Personification (拟人)Description/purpose:

9、Gives an object the characteristics of a living thing, bringing it to lifeExamples：The flowersnodded.Snowflakesdanced.Thundergrumbled.Fogcrept in.The windhowled.The haunted house seemed tostare atme,beckoningme towards the door.Technique 2: simile (明喻)Description/purpose:Simileslikens something to something else giving a more detailed descriptionExamples：The night sky wasas dark as the deepest ocean.The starssparkled like diamonds.The snakemoved like a ripple on a pond.Technique 3: metaphor (暗喻)Description/purpose:Metaphors say that something is something else, giving the description more powerExamples：A wave of terrorwashed over him.Technique 4:Vivid adjectives (生动的形容词)Description/purpose:To make the story more interesting and vivid b

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