印度的可再生能源整合（英）-2021

Renewables Integration in India INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues IEA member countries: IEA association countries: including oil, gas and coal supply and Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Brazil China demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its India Indonesia Morocco Singapore South Africa Thailand Hungary Ireland Italy Japan 30 member countries, 8 association countries and beyond. Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org National Institution for Transforming India The National Institution for Transforming India, also called NITI Aayog, was formed via a resolution of the Union Cabinet on January 1, 2015. NITI Aayog is the premier policy ‘Think Tank’ of the Government of India, providing both directional and policy inputs. While designing strategic and long term policies and programmes for the Government of India, NITI Aayog also provides relevant technical advice to the Centre and States. At the core of NITI Aayog’s creation are two hubs –Team India Hub and the Knowledge and Innovation Hub. The Team India Hub leads the engagement of states with the Central government, while the Knowledge and Innovation Hub builds NITI’s think-tank capabilities. These hubs reflect the two key tasks of the Aayog. NITI Aayog is also developing itself as a State of the Art Resource Centre, with the necessary resources, knowledge and skills, that will enable it to act with speed, promote research and innovation, provide strategic policy vision for the government, and deal with contingent issues. More information about the NITI Aayog can be found at: http://niti.gov.in. PAGE | 3 Renewables Integration in India 2021 Abstract Abstract This report suggests ways for India to maximise the amount and value of solar and wind power in its electricity system. It addresses demand-side flexibility, power plant flexibility, storage (pumped-storage hydro and batteries) and grid flexibility, as well as policy, market and regulatory solutions for the short to medium term. It adds to existing research by focusing on renewable integration in individual states, rather than at the national level, as the power system flexibility challenges, solutions and priorities are different in each state. The report presents findings from consultations with national and regional stakeholders and the results of parallel in-depth analysis, including two newly developed, detailed power sector production cost models developed at the IEA to illustrate flexibility challenges and solutions specific to the India context – the five-region India Regional Power System Model and the Gujarat State Power System Model. PAGE | 4 Renewables Integration in India 2021 Foreword Foreword India has made remarkable progress in recent years bringing energy services to its citizens. In less than two decades, 900 million people have gained access to electricity – including 100 million in 2018 alone – and the country’s energy demand has more than doubled over the same period. But India’s per capita electricity consumption is still only one-third of the global average. Such steep growth in energy demand inevitably poses challenges for this diverse and dynamic nation, particularly to establishing the policy and market conditions to provide secure, affordable and clean energy for all its people. To facilitate these goals, the International Energy Agency (IEA) has developed a close working relationship with the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog). Together, they have produced a series of reports and held workshops to support India in its quest to provide much-needed energy to its economy and people while minimising the associated environmental impacts. Renewables Integration in India 2021 is the latest result of our collaboration with