葡萄牙2021年能源政策回顾（英）-2021

Portugal 2021 Energy Policy Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues IEA member countries: IEA association countries: including oil, gas and coal supply and Australia Austria Belgium Brazil China demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its India Canada Indonesia Morocco Singapore South Africa Thailand Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea 30 member countries, 8 association countries and beyond. Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA) has conducted energy policy reviews of its member countries since 1976. This peer review process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices. By seeing what has worked – or not – in the “real world”, these reviews help to identify policies that deliver concrete results. Throughout its 40 years as a member of the IEA, Portugal has been an active contributor to efforts to improve global energy security and sustainability. I particularly appreciate the leadership that João Pedro Matos Fernandes, Minister of Environment and Climate Action, is now bringing in these areas, including through partnership with the IEA. Portugal is an active participant in the IEA Technology Collaboration Programme, specifically, the collaborations on industry-based biorefineries, energy-flexible buildings, renewable energy and hydrogen. Portugal was notably impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, with GDP dropping by over 8% in 2020, the largest decline since 1936. Portugal’s economic recovery plan places a strong emphasis on accelerating energy transitions with funding for sustainable mobility, energy efficiency, renewables, decarbonisation and the bio-economy. Portugal has demonstrated important leadership in the transition to clean energy, especially in integrating electricity from renewable sources. The combined share of wind and solar PV in electricity generation reached almost 30% in 2019 and will continue to grow. Portugal will also phase out coal-fired generation in 2021. Portugal was among the first countries in the world to set 2050 carbon neutrality goals. Portugal’s energy and climate policies seek to achieve carbon neutrality primarily through broad electrification of energy demand and a rapid expansion of renewable electricity generation, along with increased energy efficiency. There is a strong focus on reducing energy import dependency and maintaining affordable access to energy. In the longer term, Portugal is aiming for hydrogen to play a major role in achieving carbon neutrality. Yet despite this notable progress on decarbonising power generation and electrifying building energy demand, Portugal’s energy mix is still dominated by fossil fuels. The transport, industry and buildings sectors all have considerable work ahead of them to meet Portugal’s targets for increasing the share of renewables, lowering energy demand and reducing emissions. I sincerely hope the recommendations proposed in this report will help Portugal navigate the transformation of its energy systems as it seeks to build momentum towards achieving climate neutrality while maintaining secure supplies of energy. Dr. Fatih Birol Executive Director International Energy Agency 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ENERGY INSIGHTS Foreword..............................................................................................................................3 1. Executive summary.....................................................................................................11 Overview............................................................................................................................11 Energy and climate policy ..............................................................