可再生能源发展的40年经验—政策、成就与经验教训（英）-136页

China: 40-Year Experience in Renewable Energy Development Policies, Achievements, and Lessons Learned b Photo credits. Front Cover: Christophe de Gouvello China: 40-Year Experience in Renewable Energy Development Policies, Achievements, and Lessons Learned © 2021 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed by World Bank Staff or external contributors in this work do not reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Ch. de Gouvello (co-ord.), N. Berrah, LI Jufeng, Y. Song, et al., 2021. China: 40-Year Experience in Renewable Energy Development. Policies, Achievements, and Lessons Learned. The World Bank, Washington, DC. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Publishing and Knowledge Division, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org I TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................. III Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... V Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................VII Chapter 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1 A. From Lagger to Leader.........................................................................................................................2 B. The Long Journey.................................................................................................................................6 C. Structure of the Report.........................................................................................................................7 Part 1: The Quest for Sustainability.........................................................................................................13 Chapter 2. The Early Years (Stage 1: Up to 1994) ..................................................................................15 A. Modest RE Development....................................................................................................................17 B. Establishment of the Renewable Energy Management System.........................................................20 C. Major RE Policies of Stage 1..............................................................................................................21 D. Building a Study and Research Base.................................................................................................22 E. Lessons Learned ...............................................................................................................................23 Chapter 3. The Takeoff (Stage 2: 1995–2005) ........................................................................................ 25 A. Achievements in Stage 2....................................................................................................................27 B. Policies Paving the Way to RE Development .....................................................................................27 C. International Cooperation...................................................................................................................29 D. Implementation of Major Nationwide Resources Assessments and Programs ................................31 E. Lessons Learned ................................................................................................................................33 Chapter 4. From Lagger to Leader (Stage 3: 2006–2017)..................................................................... 35 A. RE Development Boom .....................................................................................................................37 B. Strengthening the Policy Framework .................................................................................................38 C. International Cooperation.............................