常用微生物学专业名词英语词汇表
21页1、常用微生物学专业名词词汇表active immunity(主动免疫): Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.active transport(主动运输):Transport of molecules against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and energy from ATP.Alcohol fermentation(乙醇发酵):is the formation of alcohol from sugar. Yeast, when under anaerobic conditions, convert glucose to pyruvic acid via the glycolysis pathways, then
2、go one step farther, converting pyruvic acid into ethanol, a C-2 compound.aerobe(好氧微生物): A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen (O2).aflatoxin(黄曲霉毒素): From Aspergillus flavus t, a mycotoxin that typically poisons moldy animal feed and can cause liver cancer in humans and other animals.AIDS(爱滋病): Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome. The complex of signs and symptoms characteristic of the late phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Ames test(艾姆氏实
3、验): A method for detecting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agents based upon the genetic alteration of nutritionally defective bacteriaanabolism(合成代谢): The energy consuming process of incorporating nutrients into protoplasm through biosynthesis.anaerobe(厌氧微生物): A microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen.antibiotic(抗生素):A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts.antibody(抗体): A large protein mol
4、ecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen.antigen(抗原): Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin.antigenic determinant(抗原决定基):The precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response.antimetabolite(抗代谢物):A substance such as a drug that competes with, substitutes for, or interferes with a normal metabo
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