2020牛津译林版新教材高一英语必修三全册语法归纳小结

1、 新译林版必修三全册语法归纳小结Unit 1 省 略 运用省略手法，可以避免重复，使句子简练。常见的省略现象有以下几种情况： 1 在非正式场合，如果语境清晰，常省略主语或主语和动词。如： (Are you) Ready? 2 在简短对话中，答句常保留主语和助动词，省略其后主要动词以及上句出现过的其他内容。如： Did you go to the museum yesterday? No, I didnt (go to the museum yesterday). 3 在并列句结构中，常省略与前面相同的主语、谓语或其他成分。如： Peter entered the classroom and (Peter) sat at his desk. I like dancing but my brother (likes) singing. What I said made Jack happy but (what I said made) Jane angry. 4 从属连词 when、where、if、than 等后常用省略结构。如： You should be careful when (

2、you are) crossing the road. You need to make improvements where (it is) necessary. Please call me back if (it is) possible. I love English more than (I) ever (loved English). 5 不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，常省略 to 后面的内容。如： You dont have to do it if you dont want to (do it). Youd better not take medicine unless your doctor told you to (take medicine). 在 to be 或 to have done 结构中，省略时往往保留 be 或 have。如： I am busier now than I used to be (busy). Has Mike finished his project? He seems to have (finished his project). U

3、nit 2 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词后面，与名词或代词之间常有一定的逻 辑关系。具体如下： 1 名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语。如： Wendy was the first one to arrive at school.99 2 名词或代词为不定式的逻辑宾语。如： I have a meeting to attend. 如果不定式是不及物动词，需加介词才能与名词或代词之间构成动宾关系。如： This is a good topic to talk about. 3 名词与不定式是同位关系。如： She expressed a wish to make a change. 4 动词不定式作定语，有被动形式。如： The house to be built there will be a library. 动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语，常见于以下结构： 1 在 too . to . 结构中。如： Its never too late to learn. 2 在 . enough to . 结构中。如： I was fortunate en

4、ough to get the ticket. 3 在 so . as to . 结构中。如： Jane sang so well as to come out first in the singing competition. 4 在 never to . 结构中。如： He left home, never to return. 5 在 only to . 结构中，不定式常表示没有预料到的结果。如： I hurried to the station, only to find the train gone. Unit 3 动词 -ing 形式作定语 动词 -ing 形式作定语，有以下几种情况： 1 单个动词 -ing 形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前。有些动词 -ing 形式已转化成形容 词，表示“令人的”。如： This is an amazing achievement. 2 动词 -ing 形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰词之后。如： The people talking there are my friends. 3 动词 -ing 形式作定语，有被动形式。如： Do you k

5、now anything about the new film being shot? 动词 -ing 形式作状语 动词 -ing 形式可用作状语，常表示原因、时间、伴随情况、条件等。具体如下： 1 动词 -ing 形式用作原因状语。如：Having a bad cold, Tom didnt go to the theatre. 2 动词 -ing 形式用作时间状语。如： Walking along the street, I saw an old friend. 3 动词 -ing 形式用作伴随状语。如： They stood talking to each other. 4 动词 -ing 形式用作条件状语。如： Turning to the left, you will see the shop. 5 动词 -ing 形式用作状语时，可以在前面加连词。如： While watching TV, Grandpa fell asleep. Though living near the cinema, I seldom go there. 6 动词 -ing 形式用作状语时，有完成式

6、和被动式。如： Having worked for over 30 years, Mr Wang retired last month. Having been raised on a farm, Tim knows a lot about farm animals. 7 动词 -ing 形式用作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如： Being tired, John had a rest. () Being tired, I asked John to have a rest. () 动词 -ing 形式作宾语补足语 1 动词 -ing 形式可在 watch、see、hear、feel、find、notice、smell 等表示感官和心理状 态的动词后作宾语补足语。如： I hear someone playing the piano in the next room. 2 动词 -ing 形式可在 have、keep、set、get 等表示“使”“让”的动词后作宾语补足语。如： The teachers words set me thinking. Unit 4 动词 -ed 形

7、式作定语 动词 -ed 形式作定语，有以下几种情况： 1 不及物动词的 -ed 形式作定语，常表示已经发生的动作。如： The road is covered with fallen leaves. 2 及物动词的 -ed 形式作定语，通常既表示已经完成，又可以表示被动的意义。如： Used cars are less expensive. 3 单个动词 -ed 形式作定语，常置于被修饰词之前；动词 -ed 形式短语作定语，常置于被 修饰词之后。如： Mr Wang is a respected teacher. The scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting. 动词 -ed 形式作状语 1 动词 -ed 形式作状语，常表示时间、原因、伴随情况等。如： Seen from the top of the mountain, the river looks like a dragon. Greatly interested, I began to read the book. The professor entered the hall, followed by a group of students. 2 动词 -ed 形式作状语，有时可以与连词一起使用。如： He will go there if asked. 3 动词 -ed 形式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如： Given more time, he could finish the task. () Given more time, I think he could finish the task. () 动词 -ed 形式作宾语补足语 动词 -ed 形式可在 see、hear、notice、feel、have、make、keep、leave 等动词后作宾语补足 语。如： I have never heard this song sung in English4

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