室内空气品质及空气解决-英文
15页1、PollutionsApollutantisawastematerialthatpollutesair,waterorsoil.Airpollutioncomesfrombothnaturalandmanmadesources.Thoughgloballymanmadepollutantsfromcombustion,construction,mining,agricultureandwarfareareincreasinglysignificantintheairpollutionPollutionbegantodrawmajorpublicattentionintheUnitedStatesbetweenthemid-1950sandearly1970s,whenCongresspassedtheNoiseControlAct,theCleanAirAct,theCleanWaterActandtheNationEnvironmentalPolicyAct.IndoorAirContaminantsIndoorAirParticleSettlingRateMoreandmoreme
2、dicalstudieshaveimplicatedthehealthriskscausedbyfineandultrafineparticles.Thishasresultedineffortstoimposemoresevererestrictionsonindustrialandtrafficemissionsinthecomingyears.Industry,traffic,andvariouscombustionprocesseshavebeenidentifiedasthemajorsourcesoffineparticles.Ofallparticles,theaccumulationsizeparticles(0.1-1mindiameter)arethosethatenterrespiratoryorgansaswellasairconditioningsystemsmosteasily.Manystudieshaveimplicatedthatevenfinerparticlesthantheseposeahealthhazard.Intermsofnumberof
3、particles,morethan80%areultrafine,thatis,0.01-0.1mindiameter.HealthEffectsfromParticlesSizeWhenconsideringthehealtheffectsofparticles,particlesizeisthekeyfactor.Particlesmorethan10m(microns)indiameterdonotgetasfarasthelungs,astheyarenormallycaughtinthenasalcavityandthepharynx.Particlessmallerthan10micronsmayentertheupperrespiratorytractjustunderthepharynx,wheresomeofthemarecaughtandremoved(bycoughing,spittingorswallowing).Particlessmallerthan5micronmayenterthebronchiintheupperlungs,whileparticle
4、ssmallerthan2.5micronsmaygetdeepintothepulmonaryalveoliwherecarbondioxideinthebloodisexchangedforoxygen.Theseparticlesareextremelyhazardous,becausethehumanlunghasnoefficientmethodofremovingthem.Iftheseparticlessmallerthan2.5micronsarewater-soluble,theywillenterthebloodcirculationinamatterofminutes.Iftheydonotdissolveinwater,theywillaccumulatedeepinsidethelungs.VolatileOrganicCompoundsVOCscanbeproducedbyanumberofcommonhouseholdactivitiesorincluding:*Paints,paintthinners,varnishesandothersolvents*
5、Aerosolsprays*Airfresheners,candlesandincense*Cleaningsuppliesanddisinfectants*Storedfuelsandautomotiveproducts*Hobbysupplies*Glues,adhesivesandsealingcaulks*Dry-cleanedclothing*Newcarpeting*Secondhandsmoke*Pressedwoodfurniture*Newspapers*Mothrepellants*Woodpreservatives*CookingWhatyoucantseecanhurtyou:-Youmaynotrealizeitbutyouandyourfamilycanbeexposedtothousandsofvolatileorganiccompoundsonadailybasis.VolatileOrganicCompounds(VOCs)arechemicalsthatevaporateintopotentiallyharmfulgasesatroomtempera
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